Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Is Fame Good Or Bad?

Most people think that being famous is heaven, but it's more like hell. What do you think? Phenomenom of fame is widespread around the world. Being famous today is not the same as it was 50-100 years ago. Andy Warhol once said : In the future everyone will have their 15 minutes of fame. Well, in my opinion, that time has come. People from all around the world are trying to get their way out there on the stage. It has become easy to acquire fame, but difficult to keep it. People get famous for doing nothing and the ones who want to become famous don't have many obstacles on their way.They can just apply on a reality show and soon their names will be on the tops of „the most searchedâ€Å" lists on Google and Yahoo, and not to mention the yellow press. Little girls and boys from all around the world are, when asked what do they want to be when they grow up, usually answering that they want to be famous. Fame has lost its value. Celebrities with or without justified reasons to be famous are followed by a bunch of paparazzi each day. They are getting interviewed and photographed for worthless magazines intended for masses.Their private lives become a matter of abstraction and are endangered. As for those whose fame is a result of hard work, talent, high IQ or great achievements, their fame is well-earned. Such are, for example, great writers, mathematicians and artists. They are usually the ones who are, no matter how good they are at what they do, less famous than the ones who deserve it less. That is good because they don't need to sacrifice their private lives, they have their freedom of expression + they make a lot of money. As for me, I'm not a fan of fame and I think it's lame.People are sometimes desperate, don't receive enough of attention in their private lives and they search for a way out by becoming an object of admiration in other peoples life by being famous. On the other hand, there are people whose fame is a result of their great work and the y have to take that difficult burden of fame on their backs. Either way, I wouldn't like to be famous. Sometimes I don't like being alone, but there are people whose solitude is not even a matter of choice and represents an impossible mission. Threathing my private life, I do the same thing to my familys' and friends' life and that I cannot cope with.I don't need other peoples admiration to accept myself the way I am. Money, fame, fortune, and everything that goes with it- yes, sure it can be helpful, but having everything is sometimes just the same as having nothing, because it usually means not wanting anything. Any by not wanting anything, we don't have real goals in our life or anything that can bring us joy. That's why I prefer solitude over fame and fortune. It's hard enough to prove to myself everyday, proving myself to whole world everyday would really be a hell.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 29

Chapter 29 Paying Respects Gilbert Bendetti liked his job, really liked his job. It was a government job, of sorts, so the benefits were good and the work easy. He liked working nights, too, it was quiet and he was usually in the morgue by himself, so he didn't have to feel self-conscious about his weight or his bad skin. He liked playing with computers and the lab equipment, and he liked answering the phone and acting official. Being the night man at the coroner's office would have been a great job even if he didn't get to fuck the dead, but with that, it was heaven. Tonight Gilbert was bubbling with anticipation. They had wheeled Miss Right in that afternoon and left him explicit instructions not to put her away, but to let her sit out to thaw for the autopsy. Some psycho had put her in a freezer. Sick bastard had put TV dinners under her arms. Now she was curled up on a gurney, teasing him. That cocktail dress, that red hair – he could hardly wait. He checked the log and locked his skin books in the desk drawer, then loosened his lab coat and went down the hall to test her for flexibility. The last time he checked she'd started to get a little flexibility, but he knew that inside she was – well – frigid, despite the Salisbury-steak gravy dripping from under her arms. He pushed through the glass door into the holding room and there she was, just as he had left her, her pouty lips beckoning to him, her lovely legs curled up behind her. â€Å"My angel,† Gilbert said, â€Å"shall I help you with those pesky panty hose?† He straightened her legs on the gurney and pushed her skirt up. She was still a little chilly, but she was movable. Good, once rigor mortis set in, passion could put you into positions that would challenge a yoga master. Gilbert had thrown his back out more than once. Her panty hose were sheer black, but except for her right big toe, her feet were dusty. She must have been walking in her stocking feet. Indulging himself in some foreplay, Gilbert had sucked her big toe clean shortly after they brought her in. Foreplay, sorta. He considered testing her with the meat thermometer, but she was so perfect, he didn't want to mark that lovely body. He reached up under her skirt, grabbed the waistband of her panty hose, and began to work them down. â€Å"Black lace panties, my goodness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He tried to remember her name, then checked her toe tag. â€Å"My goodness, Jody, how did you know I liked black lace?† He peeled her panty hose off, stopping to loosen the toe tag first, then ran his hands up her thighs after the lace panties. â€Å"And a natural redhead,† Gilbert said, dropping the panties on the floor. He stepped back a moment to admire her and slip out of his lab coat. He locked the wheels on the gurney, pulled the TV dinners out from under her arms, and unzipped his pants. â€Å"This is going to be so good. So good.† He climbed over the end of the gurney, careful to stay balanced. Nothing ruined the mood more than toppling to the linoleum and bashing your skull. He licked a path up the inside of her leg. â€Å"Tommy, that tickles,† she said. Gilbert looked up. No, it's my imagination. He returned to his pleasure. â€Å"No, let me shower first,† she said. She sat up. Gilbert pushed himself backward so violently that the gurney went up on its end, dumping Jody on the floor. Gilbert backed away from her holding his chest, his breath refusing to come, bis withering willy waving in front of him. Jody climbed to her feet. â€Å"Who are you?† Gilbert couldn't talk. He couldn't breathe. It felt as if barbed wire had been looped around his heart and was being yanked by a team of horses. He backed into a rack of drawers, banging his head. Jody looked around. â€Å"How did I get here? Answer me.† Gilbert gasped and fell to his knees. â€Å"Where's Tommy? And where the fuck are my panties?† Gilbert was shaking his head. He rolled on his side, took two more tortured breaths, and died. â€Å"Hey!† Jody said. â€Å"I need some answers here.† Gilbert didn't answer. Jody watched the black aura of his dying fade away, leaving only the residual heat signature of his body. â€Å"Sorry,† she said. She looked around: the gurney, the big file drawers of the dead, the instruments of dissection – this sure looked like the morgues in the movies. Something had gone seriously wrong while she slept. She checked her watch, but it was gone. The wall clock over Gilbert's body read 1 a.m. Why did I wake up so late? I've got to find Tommy and find out what happened. She picked up her panties from the floor and wiggled into them. The panty hose she left where they lay, instead looking around for her shoes. She didn't see them. She didn't see her purse anywhere either. Money. I'm going to need cab fare. She crouched by Gilbert's body and rifled through his pockets, coming up with thirty dollars and some change. Almost as an afterthought she tucked his exposed member back into his pants and zipped him up. â€Å"I did that for your family, not for you,† she said. Then thought, I'm getting worse than Tommy, talking to dead people. She started toward the door, then stopped and looked at the wall of drawers. The scenario cane over her like a sudden sneeze. Tommy is probably in one of those drawers. The vampire killed him, and when the coroner came, they thought I was dead too. But why did he spare me? And why did it take so long to wake up? Maybe it was that med student. Maybe when I missed the meeting he told the cops when to find me. But he didn't know how to find me. She went though the glass doors and down the hall where she stopped at the phone and called the loft. No answer. She dialed the Marina Safeway's number. â€Å"Marina Safeway.† She recognized Simon McQueen's drawl. â€Å"Simon, this is Jody. I need to talk to Tommy.† â€Å"Who? Who did you say you were?† â€Å"It's Jody. Tommy's girlfriend. I need to speak to him.† Simon was quiet for a moment. When he finally spoke, his voice was an octave lower. â€Å"You don't know where Flood is?† â€Å"He's not there?† â€Å"Nope.† â€Å"Is he okay?† â€Å"In a manner of speakin', he's okay. What about you? You feelin' all right?† â€Å"Yes, Simon, I'm fine. Where's Tommy?† â€Å"Well, ain't you a wonder. You're sure you feel okay?† â€Å"Yes. Where's Tommy?† â€Å"I can't tell you over the phone. I'll come get you. Where are you?† â€Å"I'm not sure; just a second.† Jody ran to the front door. The address was printed on the glass. She went back to the phone and gave Simon an address two blocks away. â€Å"Let me get someone to cover my section. I'll be there in a half hour.† â€Å"Thanks, Simon.† Jody hung up. What in the hell was going on? While she waited for Simon to arrive, Jody parried the propositions of two guys in a Mercedes who had mistaken her for a hooker. Not an unreasonable mistake considering she was standing barefoot on a back street in a low-cut cocktail dress on a cold San Francisco night. Finally, when she told them she was an undercover cop, their resolve softened and they drove off hanging their heads. Simon rounded the corner five minutes later and skidded to a stop in a cloud of smoking rubber and testosterone. He threw the door open for her. â€Å"Get in.† Jody leaped into the passenger seat. Simon seemed a little surprised that she hadn't used the two steps mounted under the door. â€Å"You're steppin' high tonight, darlin',† Simon said. Jody closed the door. â€Å"Where's Tommy?† â€Å"Hold your horses, I'll take you to him.† Simon put the truck in gear and roared off. â€Å"You sure you're feeling all right?† â€Å"Yes, I'm fine. Why couldn't you tell me what happened to Tommy on the phone?† â€Å"Well, he's hiding out. Seems the police want him for some murders.† â€Å"The Whiplash murders?† â€Å"Those be the ones.† Simon looked at her. â€Å"Ain't you cold?† â€Å"Oh, I lost my coat.† â€Å"And shoes?† â€Å"Yes, and shoes. Some guys were chasing me.† Jody knew she didn't sound very convincing. They were headed down Market toward the Bay Bridge. Simon grinned and pushed his black Stetson back on his head. â€Å"You don't get cold, do you, darlin'?† â€Å"What do you mean?† Simon hit the electric-lock button; Jody heard the lock go thunk at her side. Simon said, â€Å"You don't get hot either, do you? Or sick. Do you get sick?† Jody hugged the door handle. â€Å"What are you getting at, Simon?† Simon reached inside his jacket and came out with a Colt Python revolver. He pointed it at her and cocked it. â€Å"Now I know bullets might not kill you, but I'll bet they hurt like hell. And I put some little wood pegs in the hollow points just in case that does the job.† Jody had no idea what a bullet would do to her and she didn't want to find out. â€Å"What do you want, Simon?† Simon pulled the truck into an alley and switched off the engine. â€Å"Couple of things. I don't know which I want first until you answer some questions.† â€Å"Whatever you want, Simon. You're Tommy's friend. You don't have to be a hard-ass, just ask.† â€Å"That's right sweet of you, darlin'. Now tell me, do you get sick?† â€Å"Everybody gets sick, Simon. I get a cold every now and then.† Simon dug the gun into her ribs. â€Å"Don't bullshit me now. I know what you are.† Jody looked closely at Simon for the first time. He was burning up, the heat coming off him in red waves, even in the relative warmth of the truck cab. But below the heat aura she saw something else that she hadn't seen the first night she'd met him. Maybe because she hadn't known what to look for. Under the heat signature Simon was ringed by a thin black corona, as she had seen on other people – the death aura, but thinner, as if it was just growing. She said, â€Å"Are you sure you're not just being an asshole again, Simon? Holding up your friend's girlfriend?† â€Å"Don't get slippery on me, Red. I saw you sleeping that day we partied at your house. I touched you. You're cold as a witch's titty. And Flood always complainin' about you sleeping all day. And how he had to have them turtles alive. But I didn't put it all together until the Emperor started screaming about vampires and the cops took Flood away.† â€Å"You're nuts, Simon. None of that proves anything. There's no such thing as vampires.† â€Å"Oh yeah? Well, you know why they arrested Tommy?† â€Å"No, I didn't know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Because they found you dead in the freezer, that's why. He's in for your murder, missy. I still had some doubts until you called just now. You'll be my first dead piece of ass, not counting the time I choked my chicken over a picture of Marilyn.† Jody was stunned. A wave of panic swept through her, the inner voice shouting, Kill him, hide; kill him, hide. She fought it back. â€Å"You're doing this because you want sex?† â€Å"Well, that's part of it. You see, I ain't been well laid for five years – since I picked me up this bug. It's kinda hard to get yourself into a good three-toweler when you got the dick of death. I ain't no ass bandit, though. I let some whore from Oakland fix me up with a speedball. Six of us shared the needle.† â€Å"You're dying of AIDS?† Jody asked. â€Å"No need to candy-coat it, darlin'. Just come right out and say it.† â€Å"Sorry, Simon, but when someone has a gun on me and tells me he's going to rape me, I forget my manners.† â€Å"Ain't going to be no rape unless you want it. The other thing is more important.† â€Å"Other thing?† â€Å"I want you to change me into a vampire.† â€Å"No, you don't, Simon. You don't know what it's like.† â€Å"I don't need to know, darlin'. I know I'm going to die if you don't. It ain't just HIV anymore, it's full-blown. I can hardly get my boots on and off from the sores. The doctor's got me on enough pills to choke a horse. Now do it.† Jody felt for him. For all his arrogant cowboy panache, she could tell he was afraid. â€Å"I don't know how, Simon. I don't know how I was changed. It just happened.† He dug the barrel of the gun up under her breast and slid across the seat next to her. â€Å"You just bite my damn neck. Now do it!† â€Å"That doesn't work. That would just kill you. I don't know how to turn you into a vampire.† Simon took the gun out of her ribs and held it against her thigh. â€Å"I'm going to count to three, then I'm going to shoot you in the leg if you don't start turning me. Then I'm going to count to three and shoot you in the other leg. I didn't want to do this, but you got to see.† Jody could see tears welling up in Simon's eyes. He didn't want to do this, but she knew he would. She wondered even if she knew how to turn him if she would do it. â€Å"Simon, please, I really don't know how to turn you. Let me go. Maybe I'll find out.† â€Å"I don't have the time, darlin'. If I have to trade the daylight for a lifetime of nights, I'll take the nights. I'm counting now. One!† â€Å"Simon, don't. Just wait.† â€Å"Two!† Jody watched a tear roll out of his eye. She felt his body tense and looked down at the gun. The tendons in his hand were tightening. He was going to do it. â€Å"Three!† Jody shot out her right hand, palm open, and hit Simon under the chin while sweeping the gun away from her leg with her right. The gun went off, sending a bullet through the floorboard. The explosion covered the noise of Simon's neck snapping but she could feel the crunch against her palm. Simon slumped back in the seat, his head thrown back and mouth open as if he were frozen in a laugh. Over the ringing in her ears Jody could hear his last breath squeaking out of his lungs. The black aura around him faded away. She reached over and straightened his Stetson. â€Å"God, Simon, I'm sorry. I'm so sorry.† Rivera drove. Cavuto sat in the passenger seat smoking and talking on the radio. He keyed the mike. â€Å"If anyone sees the Emperor tonight, detain him and call Rivera and Cavuto. He's wanted for questioning but he's not, I repeat not, a suspect. In other words, don't scare him.† Cavuto hung the mike on the dash and said to Rivera, â€Å"You really don't think that this is a waste of time?† â€Å"Like I said, Nick, homicide and the coroner are the only ones who know about the blood loss. Our guys wouldn't leak, but even if there was a leak in the coroner's office, I can't imagine anyone telling the Emperor. Whoever did these murders is behaving like a vampire. Maybe he thinks he's a vampire. So to catch him, we have to pretend we're tracking a vampire.† â€Å"That's bullshit. We've got enough evidence on the kid to get an indictment right now, and by the time forensics gets done with his apartment we'll have enough for a conviction.† â€Å"Yeah,† Rivera said, â€Å"except for one thing.† Cavuto rolled his eyes. â€Å"I know, you don't think he killed anyone.† â€Å"And neither do you.† Cavuto chomped his cigar and looked out the car window at a group of winos milling on a corner by a liquor store. â€Å"Do you?† Rivera insisted. â€Å"He knows who did. And if I have to walk his cute little ass right up to the chair to get him to tell, I will.† A call came over the radio. â€Å"Go ahead,† Cavuto said into the mike. The dispatcher's voice crackled over the speaker. â€Å"Unit ten is holding the Emperor at Mason and Bay. Do you want them to bring him in?† Cavuto turned to Rivera and raised his eyebrows. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"No, tell them we'll be there in five.† Cavuto keyed the mike. â€Å"Negative, we're on our way.† Three minutes later Rivera pulled the unmarked Dodge into a red zone behind the cruiser. The two uniformed officers were playing with Lazarus and Bummer, whose armor rattled and clanged as they frisked. The Emperor stood by, his wooden sword still in hand. Rivera got out of the car first. â€Å"Good evening, Your Majesty.† â€Å"Give me a fucking break,† Cavuto said under his breath as he hoisted his bulk out of the car. â€Å"And a good early morning to you, Inspector.† The Emperor bowed. â€Å"I see the fiend has us all burning the midnight oil.† Rivera nodded to the uniforms. â€Å"We got it, guys, thanks.† One of the uniforms was a woman. She shot Rivera a dirty look as she headed for the cruiser. Rivera turned his attention back to the Emperor. â€Å"You've been busy calling in reports of a vampire in the City.† The Emperor frowned. â€Å"And I must say, Inspector, I'm a bit disappointed with the lack of promptness of your response.† â€Å"Eat me,† said Cavuto. â€Å"We've been busy,† Rivera said. â€Å"Well, you're here at last.† The Emperor waved to Bummer and Lazarus, who were waiting at his heel. â€Å"You know the men?† â€Å"We've met,† Rivera said with a wave. â€Å"Your Majesty, you reported seeing a vampire† – Rivera pulled a notebook out of his jacket pocket – â€Å"three different times over the last month and a half.† Rivera took a copy of Tommy's mug shot from his notebook and held it out to the Emperor. â€Å"Is this the man you saw?† â€Å"Heavens no. That's my friend C. Thomas Flood, aspiring author. A fine, if confused, lad. I arranged for his employment at the Marina Safeway.† â€Å"But he's not the man you reported as being a vampire.† â€Å"No. The fiend is older, and has sharp features, of Arab descent, I would guess, if he were not so pale.† Cavuto stepped up and took the picture from Rivera. â€Å"You reported the body they found in SOMA, but you said you didn't see anything. Did you see this man anywhere near the scene?† â€Å"The victim was a friend of mine, Charlie. He left his mind in Vietnam, I'm afraid, but a good soul just the same. He had been dead for some time when I found him, though. The fiend left him there to rot.† Cavuto bristled. â€Å"But you didn't see this vampire guy at the scene either.† â€Å"I have seen him in the financial district, once in Chinatown, and at the marina last night. In fact, that young man gave me sanctuary at the Safeway.† Cavuto's beeper went off. He ignored it. â€Å"You saw Flood and this vampire guy together?† â€Å"No, I ran from the wharf when the fiend materialized out of mist.† â€Å"I'm outta here,† Cavuto said, throwing up his hands. He checked his beeper and went back to the car. Rivera held his ground. â€Å"I'm sorry, Your Majesty, my partner needs to learn some manners. Now, if you can just tell me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Cavuto beeped the horn and hung his head out the window. â€Å"Rivera, come on. They found another one. Let's go.† â€Å"Wait a second.† Rivera took a business card out of his wallet and gave it to the Emperor. â€Å"Highness, could you call me tomorrow, around noon? I'll come get you wherever you are – buy you and the men some lunch.† â€Å"Of course, my son.† Cavuto yelled out the car window, â€Å"Let's go, this one's fresh.† â€Å"Be careful,† Rivera said to the Emperor. â€Å"Watch your back, okay?† The Emperor grinned. â€Å"Safety first.† Rivera turned and walked to the car. He was still shutting the door as Cavuto pulled away from the curb. Cavuto said, â€Å"Another snapped neck. Body's in a pickup off of Market. Uniforms found it five minutes ago.† â€Å"Blood loss?† â€Å"They knew enough not to say over the radio. But there's a witness.† â€Å"Witness?† â€Å"Homeless guy sleeping in the alley saw a woman leaving the scene. There's an all-points out for a redheaded female in a black cocktail dress.† â€Å"You're bullshitting.† Cavuto turned and looked him in the eye. â€Å"The Laundromat ninja returns.† â€Å"Santa Fucking Maria,† Rivera said. â€Å"I love it when you speak Spanish.† The radio crackled again, the dispatcher calling their unit number. Rivera grabbed the mike and keyed it. â€Å"What now?† he said.

A Feminist Criticism of a Farewell to Arms Essay

After finishing A Farewell to Arms, I found it difficult to reconcile Judith Fetterley’s feminist attack of the novel with my own personal opinions. I agree that Hemingway does kick women to the curb in his portrayal of Catherine, but my reasons for pinning this crime on Hemingway are different from hers’. Although she means well, Fetterley makes the ridiculous claim that by portraying Catherine as an angelic, selflessly loving â€Å"woman to end all women,† Hemingway disguises misogynistic attitudes and a deep-seeded hatred towards the XX chromosome. This claim is not supported by the text. If we look at Hemingway through the lens of his own words, we find that his misogyny does not spring from a â€Å"too good to be true† portrait of Catherine, but rather in his tendency to cast her down into the dirt-Catherine is a dependent, baby-manufacturing trap that stifles Lieutenant Henry: â€Å"Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping together. This was the end of the trap† (320). It is his penchant for sex and his need for womanly comfort that keeps Henry coming back to Catherine, not some notion of â€Å"love† or true connection. This is Hemingway’s misogyny, however unintentional, unmasked. But to get a true sense of this â€Å"anti-Fetterley† feminist view of the novel, it is important too look at the specifics of Hemingway’s construction of Catherine-facts that stand in direct opposition to Fetterley’s stated attacks. First of all, Catherine is not Fetterley’s unique and unattainable goddess-she is an object in Henry’s universe, a feast of sensations but nothing more. She is akin to good food and good drink: â€Å"‘I was made to eat. My God, yes. Eat and drink and sleep with Catherine'† (233). Indeed, Henry’s thoughts about Catherine, both when he is at the front or by her side, mingle with longings for good wine and reflections on sumptuous meals. In Henry’s world, a good Capri would be nice, a nice hunk of cheese would be grand, and sleeping with Catherine would be sublime. These things all equate to the satisfaction of basic human needs. Every now and then, Henry feels a grumbling in his loins-a periodic hunger for the â€Å"cheese† between Catherine’s legs. Hemingway dissolves Catherine into the least common denominator-the object, devoid of meaning or real importance (when Henry isn’t hungry). How can Catherine be an angel, as Fetterley claims, when she is merely an object, a small, rocklike satellite orbiting Planet Henry? This leads us to another aspect of Hemingway’s treatment of Catherine. In the novel, she is a completely dependent and subservient slave to Henry and his desires-she is placed firmly under his heel. This is evident from her dialogue: â€Å"‘I’m good. Aren’t I good? You don’t want any other girls, do you?†¦ You see? I’m good. I do what you want'† (106). Through her words, we get a sense that the only thing that concerns Catherine is the level of Henry’s satisfaction. She needs his approval; he is the beginning and end of her world. This dependency resurfaces many times in the novel. In Milan, Catherine works herself to the bone all day, so that she can have sex with Henry all night. Throughout this period, her greatest worry is that she doesn’t tack up to the girls that he has had in the past: â€Å"‘I’ll say just what you wish and I’ll do what you wish and then you will never want any other girls'† (105). When she is pregnant, her thoughts and concerns continue to center completely around Henry’s happiness: â€Å"‘But after she’s born and I’m thin again I’m going to cut it (her hair) and then I’ll be a fine new and different girl for you'† (304). Even during her long and arduous labor, Catherine’s single worry is that she is a burden on Henry: â€Å"‘Oh, I wanted so o have this baby and not make trouble, and now I’m all done and all gone to pieces and it doesn’t work'† (322). Fetterley might claim that this amounts to â€Å"selfless-love,† but I think this phrase gives Catherine (and Hemingway) too much credit. Catherine, as portrayed in the text, seems more like an obedient dog then a virtuous, unselfish being of light; she is like a mutt that serves its master because it has no one else and cannot survive on its own. By the end of the novel, Hemingway succeeds in portraying Catherine as both an object and a docile subject in Lieutenant Henry’s kingdom. This construction diminishes Catherine’s character and allows Henry (and Hemingway) to view her and the baby completely in terms of the burden they entail. They are a â€Å"trap†-flames that burn the log that â€Å"Henry the ant† scurries around on. This makes it much easier for Hemingway to kill off Catherine and wash Henry’s hands of all responsibility-the final pieces in his misogynistic puzzle. This harsh take is a more tenable alternative to Fetterley’s feminist attacks on the novel.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Medieval History of Ireland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medieval History of Ireland - Essay Example "For the medievalists, the greatest challenge is posed by the events the events which, so it is maintained by academics and lay people alike, have influenced Irish history substantially for more than seven centuries until the present time. At stake is the significance of the year 1169, the so-called Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland and its impact on Irish society, in other words, the interpretation of medieval Irish history." (Richter) Therefore, it has been maintained by academics and lay-people alike that Christian belief, Norman invasions, and colonization have had important influence upon the medieval Irish identity. In a reflective analysis of the medieval history of Ireland, it becomes lucid that the country was greatly affected by continuous invasions from the various nations of Europe and the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland which started in 1167 was the most important invasion during the middle age. The expedition of Cambro-Norman knights started in 1169 was motivated by the renewed Norman expansion during the period. Significantly, the Norman invasion of Ireland was formally inaugurated by the landing of a Norman military force in the land at the request of Dermot MacMurrough. The Norman invasion of Ireland, consisting of a huge force of Normans, Welsh, and Flemish, changed the socio-cultural spectrum of the nation. The influence of the Norman invasion of Ireland on the medieval Irish identity is evident and it has been maintained by several scholars. "With the Norman invasion, Ireland could be said to have 'joined the club'. This implies not only that she shared the experience of many oth er countries in Europe and the Middle East who were peacefully infiltrated or militarily conquered by Normans between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, including of course England, Scotland, and Wales, but also that she entered a world of shared ideology, custom, law, and culture which gave most of western Europe in the high Middle Ages a sense of community, inaccurately expressed from time to time as the unity of Christendom under the pope, or the alliance of feudal kingdoms led by the Holy Roman Emperor." (Simms, 53) Therefore, it is essential to realize that the Norman invasion influenced the ideology, custom, law, social life, and culture of Ireland and the impact of the Norman invasion upon the medieval Irish identity cannot be questioned. Along with the Norman invasion, the introduction of the Christian belief and colonization of the following period influenced the medieval Irish identity considerably. Significantly, the colonization of Ireland ensured the expansion of the Anglo-French colony in Ireland and the colonial period, in turn, influenced the cultural aspects of the people of Ireland in the medieval period. Another major element of the continuous invasion of the land and the colonization of the country by the foreign rulers has been the introduction of Christian belief in the country, and this Christian belief influenced the socio-cultural aspects of the country in the medieval period. "By the early thirteenth century the church in Ireland was thus organized much as it was elsewhere in Western Europe. There were of course some survivals from the older order But on the whole these survivals were unimportant There is, indeed, much evidence to show that at this period Norman

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Discuss the regulatory intervention that took place in the US post Research Paper

Discuss the regulatory intervention that took place in the US post 2008 crisis choosing a topic from FRANK-DODD ACT 2010 - Research Paper Example The consumer’s welfare is protected, and their rights are to be considered. Through consumer protection fraud and illegal activities are able to be avoided because some of the laws protect the needs of those who have no knowledge about their rights taking an example in a business where some firms use the advantage of their size over others. Through the laws installed in the country there exists a fair deal and assists in the consumer in making better decisions in the market place (Acharya 26). People like investors, those in need of mortgage are able to be clear on what their rights are before involving themselves in companies or people who will deceive them. These includes the government organizations and also the self-regulating business organizations such Federal Trade Commission among others. The consumer protection rights have been seen to grow over the years from the 19th century which people saw the need for this from the fraud seen in the mail to what we see to date. T his assists in the protection of both consumers and businesses in the operation of their works.9Through consumer protection people are able to use the law in reporting cases like illegal acts and works done against the law. They are therefore, said to protect the welfare of people in making fair deals and transparency to the services and businesses conducted. The consumer rights are also put to protect the environment and the welfare of people’s health. Some industries produce toxic products which leads to the retrogression of the health conditions of people like the Cigarettes and also the environment like the global warming effect (Li & Palumbo 23). Introduction There are several consumer protection acts in the American government and in this context we are going to use the Dodd-Frank Wall Street reform and consumer protecting in establishing his acts, the benefits of the consumer protection laws and be able to tell the rights the consumers are eligible to. 1 The Dodd-Frank Reform and Consumer Protection Act is mainly n the financial crisis in America which started in 2007.It is an act imputed on the financial services to the banks and non- banking holding companies which include insurance companies, security firms and also international banks among others within and globally (Stowell 25). The Dodd-Frank Act leads to the change in financial services regulation creating a new federal authority and also a new financial consumer regulatory body. This act was approved in 2010 and became effective from 22nd July (Braybrooke 19). This legislation was put in place of all the financial activities within the States and also non-US banking organization firms. The main features in the legislation included maintenance of financial stability by creating a council which is given the mandate to overlook on the activities in the financial system. It also gives the Federal Deposit insurance Corporation to be able to control the firms which are failing by protecting th e counterparties which leads to t

Saturday, July 27, 2019

PSY 365 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PSY 365 - Essay Example In research, it is expected that one has to drive at the correct approach or method, at the same time, with considerations to the advantages and disadvantages of the methods employed. Most studies rely on either qualitative, quantitative or combination of the two. Data drawn from the approaches can possibly be generated within empirical studies. Data-driven, observable and/or empirical research is proven to provide quantifiable proofs, measure variables or outcomes more objectively, allows statistical control of factors, can establish comparisons and/or relationships among other variables that are essential ingredients to improve practices, thus, come up with accurate decisions instead of mere hit and miss (US Department of Education, 2002) . On the other hand, the disadvantages may include, vulnerability to extraneous variables and inability to control it, high cost, time consuming, demands for tests and innovative instruments, vulnerability to biases of researchers and the complex mechanism in subject selection and data management procedures (Guttmacher Institute, 2006). In this article, authors focused on psychological interventions which increase individual happiness. The study simply determined if psychologists make use of evidence-based practice of positive psychology of treating patients with mental illness at the same time utilizing it into making others lastingly happier. Positive psychology looks into character traits, positive emotions and enabling institutions that further consider other virtues such as courage, wisdom, justice, temperance, humanity and transcendence. Using the internet, 577 participants were recruited in one month to answer the exercises set for the experimental and control set up. Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale to measure depression (CES-D) symptom, Steen Happiness Index (SHI) and Beck Depression Inventory for the state of depression, were the main instruments used. Authors

Friday, July 26, 2019

Business strategies of Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business strategies of Zara - Essay Example This research will begin with the PESTEL analysis of Zara. PESTEL is a tool which helps in analyzing the external environment for the company. This tool divides the macro environment into six factors which are Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. The PESTEL tool will be utilized to assess the impact of these external factors on the apparel industry in Spain. Among several measures, the Spanish government has increased the corporate tax rate from 24 percent to 24.75 per cent including royalty payments. The increase in tax rates would be effective from 01 January 2012. The increase in tax rates has also been imposed on multinational corporations investing in Spain. The increase in corporate tax rate has led to an increase in the prices of garments and affected the apparel industry of Spain. The current economic situation of the economy is very weak and the average GDP growth of the economy has been very slow since 2007. The GDP growth of Spain was 3.7 p ercent in the year 2009 and 0.2 percent in the year 2010. There has been a major decrease in consumer spending and employment. However, the apparel industry of Spain has been recovering steadily amidst the recession. The export value of garment increased from $68,120 in the year 2009 to $88,821 in the year 2010. As estimated by the analyst the rise in consumer spending on textiles and food would increase by the end of the year 2013. Social As per a survey conducted by Fashion United, a resident of European Union spent 5.3 percent of their salary on clothing and footwear (Fashion United, 2013). This reflects that fashion plays an integral part in the lives of Europeans. Europeans like wearing fashionable clothes and footwear as it enhances their personality. The apparel industry manages to yield profits even amidst a slow economy. Technological Technology plays a pivotal role in the fashion industry. Information Technology has helped the fashion companies of Europe in improving the supply chain management. Majority of the fashion companies use their official website as a medium to communicate and provide information to their customers. European fashion companies use their website extensively as an important communication tool. Technology like Location Based Mobile Technology permits the retailers to track and communicate with their customers (Wang et. al., n.d.). Environmental Most of the European companies have introduced their own environment policies which believe in the conservation of environment and preventing environment degradation. Fashion companies in Europe have introduced their own environmental policies which include usage of ecological fabrics and biodegradable materials in the manufacturing of clothes and footwear. Legal Plagiarism is a huge offence in the fashion industry (Jones, 2005). As per the intellectual property act the company can obtain ownership rights for its work to prevent plagiarism (Canberra Institute of Technology, 2011). In the year 2007, John Galliano was found guilty by the court of France for plagiarism for copying the design of Willam Klein (Daily Mail, 2007). The retail companies found guilty of plagiarism will be tried in the court of their respective countries. Porter’s Five Forces Model Before developing a business strategy, a company needs to identify the forces which affect the profitability of an industry (Henry, 2008). The five forces are as follows 1) Threat of new entrants: If a particular industry is witnessing high profit then it would naturally attract new entrants. A lot of time and cost is invested by the

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Contrasting Cities. Miami and Charleston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contrasting Cities. Miami and Charleston - Essay Example This vast collection of states and the cities within them offer huge variety of language, culture, food habits, dressing style and ethnicity. Among all such variances, it was really confusing to select the appropriate city for the present report. After a lot of brainstorming, I decided to compare the cities of Miami within the state of Florida and Charleston belonging to South Carolina. The cities are totally opposite to each other. While Miami is highly contemporary in their style, Charleston exhibits a conventional manner of lifestyle. Both the cities have their own charm. Culture and Tradition Miami is one of Florida’s and the entire world’s most well-liked vacation destinations. It offers several temptation and interests to several group of people from all around the world. The city consists of stylish nightlife, extremely caffeinated liveliness of the Little Havana and the remarkable secrete of the Coral Gables. The city even offers facilities for the activities like fishing, golfing, football, hockey, baseball, basketball and playing tennis for the sports lovers. The presence of over 25 beaches makes the city a perfect spot for spending leisure time and getting relief from anxiety and stress of the daily work life. On the other hand Charleston is seemingly opposite to Miami. It is the oldest and the most ethnic city of USA. Charleston is also known to be one of the most gracious and has been voted as the warmest city of America through the various opinion polls conducted by several magazines. The city comprise of a hospitable and well mannered group of people who exhibit a blend of British, French and West African culture. The city offers an ambience encircling art festivals, history, music and culture. Neighborhood and Food Miami has got an assorted neighborhood. The city has got the giant pouncing banyan tree at the Coral Gables with wide-open paths that makes the place as one of the most attractive and traditional neighborhoods of the city. Shoppers look for superior boutiques and elegant stores for bridal wears and leather goods at the Coral Gables. The Coconut Grove on the other hand offers an altogether different feel with the presence of the galleries, sidewalk cafes and the boutiques. T he little bohemian village ambience is further supported by small cafes and college bars standing in a line by the street. The rural west neighborhood in Coconut Grove is the historic enclave of the present era depicting the early civilization of the African-American and Bahamian descendants. This place is home to several admired annual events. The Sunny Isles Beach forms a relatively jovial neighborhood of Miami. The atmosphere in this place is very casual displaying funky motels of the 1950s style and the hotels of the beachfront which facilitates an entirely luxurious lifestyle. This place has the provisions for swimming and sunbathing. The Cuban effect on the foods can be significantly felt for the lamb or chicken dishes. In Miami, meat is generally prepared with vegetables and tomato sauce and is served with rice. The most important dishes of the city includes    grilled fish, fried pork chops, onions and peppers served with sausage or ham with tomatoes. The regional influenc e can be seen in the colors and flavors of the desserts of Miami. Thus it can be concluded that Miami is a diverse city which has got everything for everyone (PriceTravel.com n.d.). Charleston being one of the oldest towns of the US offers charm and history along with its other features. The Mt. Pleasant is located across the Cooper River on the middle of Charleston. There is an old village that includes historic houses which seems to be the most attracti

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Gender and Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender and Family - Essay Example Mead witnessed an equality of the sexes where men and women both shared household, childcare and family support responsibilities equally. The Arapesh tribe was a notable example of shared parental responsibility. The Arapesh children grew up similarly inclined toward sharing parental responsibility. In general there was a desire to pander to the needs and shortcomings of the weak and the young. Arapesh parents, both male and female alike, exhibited the traditional willingness to both play the role of ‘responsive and cooperative parents.’(Lindsey 2004 p 21) Mead’s observed that parental roles and duties could not be distinguished by a gender divide. With reference to Mead’s experience, Lindsey writes that ‘what may societies would define as maternal behavior extended to both men and women.’ (Lindsey 2004 p 21) The Mundugumar tribe was entirely different in their approach to parenthood. They adapted a mere tolerance mode in respect of the children. Neither parent was affectionate or warm toward the children and did not hesitate to dispense severe punishment. Again, behavior could be defined by gender. (Lindsey 2004 p 21) Mead witnessed a complete role reversal along gender lines while living among the Tchumubuli tribe of New Guinea. ‘This tribe consisted of practical, efficient and unadorned women and passive, vain and decorated men.’ (Lindsey 2004 p 21) The women played the role of bread winner by ‘weaving, fishing and trading.’ (Lindsey 2004 p 21) Moreover, men ‘remained close to the village and practiced dancing and art.’ (Lindsey 2004 p 21) It was the man’s job to win the woman’s affections. It was the tribal experience that led Mead to adhere to the theory that maternal instinct was myth rather than fact. Lindsey concedes that there is some merit to Mead’s observations she also accepts

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Lavandula angustifolia Essay

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Lavandula angustifolia - Essay Example The reason for which this research was carried out was the ancient belief that the herb Lavender angustifolia possessed the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. There have been mixed conclusions in the scientific history that support the hypothesis. Experiments have been carried out both in vitro and in vivo. Majority of them support the findings of the article, which confirms the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant. In vitro data suggests that Eugenol, which is a small constituent in the lavender oils, has topical anesthetic effects (Catherine and Kathi, 2001). Tests conducted on animals suggest that linalyl acetate and linalool constituents in angustifolia showed significant local anesthetic effect. It also increased the number of stimuli needed to provoke palpebral closure in a dose dependant manner (Catherine and Kathi, 2001). Experiments conducted on human beings, however, have shown mixed results in relieving pain. In an experiment hospitalized children infected with HIV were given a massage of Lavender angustifolia. It was noted that the massage decreased the need for analgesic medication and relieved the continuous pain of some of the children completely (Styles, 1997). In a randomized control clinical trial conducted on 100 patients in a Critical Care Unit, the massage of lavender oil reduced the pain of the patients by 50%. 90% reduction in the heart rate was also reported by the participating patients (Woolfson and Hewitt, 1992).

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Van Gogh's Night Cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Van Gogh's Night Cafe - Essay Example I have not been watchful. I pushed them to more vices than I ever knew and they drove me to insanity with their constant spending until I lost almost everything that I owned. Thankfully, this cafà © was saved and now serves as my only source of living. How I dislike working at this cafà ©. There is not much to be gained from it but what can I do? I literally lost all my other sources of income so here I am, patiently waiting for my customers who have been staying here too long finishing just one bottle of beer or cola. How I despise these drunkards. Look at these two peasants. They are as pathetic as their boring lives. They work so hard and now they are just spending their money on cheap wine that makes them noisy and uncivilized. Look at how pitiful they look. They do not have much to offer me for their drinks but I have to be patient with them otherwise, I will have no customers. I want to make them leave as soon as they can but it is so difficult to speak with them when they are already under the influence of alcohol. Look at that other peasant on the corner. He is as drunk as these two. He has been nodding his head on his table for quite awhile now. I think he is already asleep. I should not allow him to sleep in my cafà © because he is a bad sight to other customers but God knows how helpless I am. I cannot even speak with him to at least go outside to sleep all he wants. I have to keep a good relationship with all my customers in order to keep them coming. Business is not good at this side of Arles. There are only few people who are mainly farmers and tenants. Most of them cannot even afford having fun on a regular basis. Thankfully, there are some decent customers like the two lovers at the back. The man is the son of a tenant who worked so hard to put his son to a good school in the city. He wants to marry a landowner’s daughter but the old man is not in favor of their relationship.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Social and Developmental Essay Example for Free

Social and Developmental Essay Psychodynamic theories of personality have impacted greatly on the Developmental Psychology of today. They originated with the work of Sigmund Freud in the later part of the nineteenth and beginning of the 18th century. Freud, Jung, Erickson and Fromm all focussed on the unconscious mind and the effects of early childhood experiences on the development of personality. Freuds psychosexual model is based on 5 stages with the first five years of life being most crucial to development of personality. Erikson proposed an 8 stage psychosocial plan, which placed importance on the whole lifespan, arguing that development does not cease at a certain age. According to Hayes (2000) both Freud and Jung argued that personality was set by childhood experiences and was due partly to maturation and partly to the influences of close family. Fromm on the other hand recognised both factors as well as acknowledging society as a third factor in the formation of personality. A more current view based on both the psychoanalytical and biological approaches is that of Bowlby (1969) who studied attachment in children. His Affective perspective concentrates on emotional development and has had an impact how children are cared for whilst away from their central carer for example whilst in childcare or hospital. Genetic and Biological explanations propose that each individual is born with genetically determined characteristic patterns of personality. Studies of twins show that identical twins brought up apart share much more in common than fraternal twins. The Minnesota twin study, (Bouchard, 1984 as cited by Bee 2000 p266) not only demonstrated this point, but also uncovered striking similarities in aspects such as taste in clothes, hobbies and interests, posture, body language etc. in identical twins who had never met each other. The biological approach to personality is strongly supported by a large amount of empirical research and as such is difficult to dispute. As Bee (2000) explains there is simply no refuting the fact that built-in genetic and physiological patterns underlie what we think of as both temperament and personality. (Bee 2000 p269) Some studies show that as much as 60% of our personality is genetically determined. A further strength in the biological explanation is that it is interactionist, thereby acknowledging the role of the environment in addition to the biological factors. The biological approach has one main weakness in that it does not account for change as temperament is not necessarily permanent.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Care Of Suprapubic Catheter Protocol Health And Social Care Essay

Care Of Suprapubic Catheter Protocol Health And Social Care Essay Urinary catheterization is used in approximately 15% to 25% of all hospitalized patients (Griffiths Fernandez, 2007). A physician may decide when it is appropriate for a catheter to be used as part of a patients therapeutic regimen. There are different catheter options for patients depending on each individuals situation. Urethral urinary catheters are traditionally selected and used in short term cases, and require no surgery (Khan Abrams, 2008). A suprapubic catheter, (SPC), requires a surgical procedure and has a longer recovery time. According to one Urologist, the ratio of urethral urinary catheters to suprapubic catheters used specifically in his practice was 300:1 (J. Banno, personal communication, February 13, 2011). This is based on physician preference as well as duration the patient will need to have the catheter in place. In the case where long-term catheterization is indicated, SPC have become the superior option (Khan Abrams, 2008). While the initial insertion of a s uprapubic catheter remains the responsibility of a physician, it is within the scope of practice for a nurse to provide care and exchange the tubing with the proper teaching (Illinois Compiled Statutes, 2008). In response to this change, hospital systems have enacted protocols that allow registered nurses (RNs) to perform the suprapubic catheter exchange. Changes should be performed by staff that have been adequately instructed in regards to the technique for changing the catheter, and are able to identify possible complications of SPC changes. Additionally, offering the option of patients and their caregivers to be trained is also important in adding to the patients independence (Harrison, Lawrence, Morley, Pearce, Taylor, 2011). The procedure of a suprapubic catheter exchange has been performed by RNs in the community setting with an existing protocol, and more recently the idea that this task be carried out within in the hospital has been explored. This procedure is done by the family members, caregivers, and even the patient themselves in a discharge at home setting safely and efficiently for many years (Anderson, 2002). Therefore adding this protocol into an acute care setting for RNs to complete in the hospital setting is a practical implementation. A nurse led, outpatient services in Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton has been performing the suprapubic catheter insertions since 2004, and the program had an 89% successful rate over a period of a couple years (Khan Abrams, 2008). This study shows evidence that nurses are capable of effectively managing a patients suprapubic catheter Since there is no present protocol for suprapubic catheter exchange or patient care by RNs within the Advocate Christ Hospital system, development of such a protocol has been explicitly requested by stake-holders including physicians and nurse in management within the system. When staff training and education is poor, there is a likelihood of an increase in complications (Harri son et al., 2011). Practice guidelines better enables nurses in providing patients with their specific care needs. The goal for this project was to create a suprapubic catheter care and exchange protocol based on the best evidence available so that these needs can be met. Review of Literature A suprapubic catheter is a urinary drainage system inserted into the bladder via an incision through the anterior abdominal wall, and may be is used when a urethral catheter is contraindicated. A suprapubic catheter is a popular choice for patients having to have long-term catheter placement and replaces the need for an indwelling catheter. Suprapubic catheters consist of 4% of hospitalized patients with urethral catheters in situ (Rigby, 2009). Although a small percentage of suprapubic catheters are used compared to other urinary catheter options, there is little literature of published guidelines related to suprapubic catheter management, and at the same time there is a growing need to increase awareness of both the risks and benefits of using a SPC (Harrison et al., 2011). Making this information accessible may increase the successful use of the device in future patient care. Indications Suprapubic catheters are used for a wide variety of patients, and for a number of reasons. A catheter insertion may be an elective procedure, or happen in an emergency situation depending on each patients circumstances. Neurological disease, urinary incontinence, postoperative care, bladder trauma, and palliative care are all reasons a clinician may consider using a suprapubic catheter in a patients care (Harrison et al., 2011). Many of these conditions require long term catheterization, and each patient and their physician need to discuss if a SPC option is a modality that best fits their specific lifestyle. Presently, SPCs have become more prevalent than indwelling catheters for patients who require long term catheterization (Khan Abrams, 2008). This may be due to the maintenance of these catheters over a longer period of time. Contraindications Under certain circumstances, a SPC should not be used. These include: bladder cancer, if the patient is receiving antiplatelet therapy, presence of abdominal wall sepsis, or if a subcutaneous vascular graft in the abdominal area exists (Harrison et al., 2011). Advantages Advantages for the placement of a suprapubic catheter compared to a urethral urinary catheter are evidenced in the cases of a urethral blockage; there is less incidence of leakage in SPC, and a reduced risk of pressure sore damage in wheelchair users. SPC tends to be more comfortable and sexually non-inhibiting. With the use of SPC there is less chance of catheter migration. Studies suggest a lower incidence of bladder cancer in patients managed with an SPC, less than 0.39% over 5 years, compared to indwelling urethral catheters (Khan, Matheur, Timoney, 2007). Suprapubic catheters have been shown to have a lower infection rates than catheters placed transurethral. A study found that 26% of the transurethral group encountered a urinary tract infection verses only 6% of the patients with the supra pubic catheters (Wells, Steed, Capstick, Schepanksy, Hiltz, Faught, 2008). Disadvantages Although SPC is a good option for many urethral catheter recipients, there are disadvantages nurses and patients need to be aware of when caring for SPC in situ. Some possible disadvantages include: dangerous bowel perforation, urethral leakage and spasm, increased incidence of stone formation, and alteration of body image. One study found that in 185 cases of SPC insertion, 2.7% incidence of bowel perforation occurred with one incidence that had a fatal outcome (Harrison et al., 2011). SPC is also contraindicated in patients with bladder cancer. Technical issues, for example speed of reinsertion, can also result in disadvantages of SPC usage (Rigby, 2009). It is important that if a catheter removed only when a new one can be reinserted immediately to avoid complications. (See complication section) SPC insertion The initial insertion procedure requires surgical skill, special equipment, and additional training; it is therefore considered a surgical procedure conducted by a physician. After the initial insertion, the catheter is usually left in place for 4-6 weeks to allow the cystostomy channel time to form (Rigby, 2009; Robinson, 2008; Wimpenny, 2010). This allows time for the catheter track to mature. Subsequent changes following the first change should be done every 6 to 8 weeks and can be done by a trained RN or caregiver (Robinson, 2008; Wimpenny, 2010). For every day that the catheter stays in place approximately 5% of patients will develop bacteriuria and up to 50% may progress over one week, and virtually all patients requiring indwelling urinary catheters for longer than a month become bacteriuria (Dixon, 2010; Rigby, 2009). Having trained personnel available to exchange the catheter in a timely fashion may help decrease these risks. Protocol Need Within a hospital system, it is important for protocols of specific procedures to be written step by step so that guidelines can be followed by staff members so consistent care is provided. Policies and procedures provide guidance in patient care for nurses and strive to achieve the goal of safe practice (Long, Burkett, McGee, 2009). Having uniformity within a hospital system can help deliver expectations for the patient and health care staff. According to the Guidelines for Use of Medical Protocols (2004), each protocol should be individualized for different types of patients, include a time frame required for patient evaluations, well as be readily available to heath care staff. Many tasks that a nurse uses while providing care for require up to date, evidence based information made into a protocol for the nurse to follow to ensure the most uniform care. According to Balakas, Potter, Pratt, Rae, Williams (2009), agencies including the Magnet Recognition Program have incorporated evidence based practice and research as themes for their organizations to improve the education of the healthcare professionals. Creating a suprapubic catheter exchange protocol is necessary so that nurses can be trained and can execute this task using a step-by-step guideline of care. Nursing Care Proper care for a suprapubic catheter is paramount in preventing future complications such as infection, and ensuring the catheters functionality for as long as possible. It is important to maintain a good standard of cleanliness to reduce the risk of infection (Robinson, 2008). While a patient is hospitalized, it is the responsibility of the health care team to ensure that the insertion site is appropriately maintained. Nursing care for a suprapubic catheter site should be assessed once every shift and actions should be taken depending on the findings. Infection. Nurses have the responsibility to assess the patient daily so that complications are caught as early as possible. Like all other procedures completed in the hospital, proper hand hygiene is crucial in decreasing the chance of infection (Rigby, 2009; Rushing, 2006; Robinson, 2005; Robinson, 2008). Hand washing should be done before entering a room, when leaving a room, and any time the healthcare provider changes gloves. Rushing (2006) states that if there is a dressing present at the cystostomy site, after removing it and disposing of the gloves, hand hygiene should be performed again before cleaning the site. This further decreases the chances of infection by evidence stating that gloves should be changed after every contact with an infective material that may contain a high concentration of microorganisms (Best Practices, 2003). Dressing. A dressing change may not be applicable to certain patients depending on the amount of time the patient has had the catheter, and depending on if the doctor has ordered a dressing to the site or not. Suprapubic catheters are used for long-term bladder management, and can be a permanent part of a patients life (Khan Abraham, 2008). Once the suprapubic catheter has been in place for at least 6 weeks, the site has healed enough to be uncovered from the dressing (Robinson, 2008). If a patient has had the catheter initially inserted within the last 6 weeks, a dressing may be placed in order to aid the site in healing while keeping infection out. If applicable, all used dressings should be carefully removed and disposed of appropriately when cleaning the site. After the first exchange has taken place, the site will remain exposed for everyday life unless otherwise stated by the doctors orders. The nurse can also use his or her own judgment and skills to decide if each specific p atient needs a dressing over the site depending on the initial assessment. Assessment. While the cystostomy site is exposed, it should be carefully inspected for signs of infection, skin integrity and any drainage of urine, blood, purulent matter or any other exudates (Rigby, 2009; Robinson, 2008). These cues can be the first signs of complications and need to be addressed immediately. If the nurse suspects infection or has any doubts, a swab can be obtained and sent for culture per doctors orders (Robinson, 2005). The nurse must also assess the catheter tube for patency. According to the literature, the tube can come occluded with sediments or clots. This could cause the tube to become dislodged requiring reinsertion by a surgeon. The nurse needs to keep in mind that the catheter should never be irrigated unless ordered by the physician. Irrigation when not ordered could cause complications in the drainage system. It is also essential for the nurse and other staff members to keep the collection container below the patients bladder level. When turning the patient or when the patient is ambulating, the healthcare staff must ensure that this is followed. The urine itself can also provide indications as to the status of the patients bladder drainage system. The clarity, color, and odor all need to be assessed as well as measuring the urine at least every 8 hours (Rushing, 2006). The color can detect a possible urinary tract infection, and effective output measurement is important to the patients t herapeutic regimen. (Rushing, 2006) Before the nurse is done with the assessment it is also important to check the placement of the tubing and make sure that it is secured. This should be done by taping the tubing to the patients abdomen making sure to leave enough room for the patient to comfortably move. Since the tape is attached to the skin, this must also be included in the daily assessment so that possible skin breakdown can be avoided. (Rushing, 2006) Exchange Studies have shown that when a suprapubic catheter is changed by the shift nurse for that patient verses the urologic consult physician, the patient complains of less pain and more comfort during the exchange. Patients are given the opportunity to be premeditated with pain medication when the RN is completing the procedure since the RN is better able to plan for the exchange and give the medication accordingly. (Anderson, 2002) Sutured. Suprapubic catheters are often sutured in place during the initial insertions to allow healing time for the cystostomy and ensure the catheter maintains correctly placement. Once the cystostomy channel has formed and healed the sutures are usually removed. This may not be the case in all suprapubic catheter placements, but if sutures are present, the exchange will remain the responsibility of the physician. A urology consult would likely then be made and a physician would be required to complete the procedure. In cases where the sutures are permanent, this usually designates that the suprapubic catheter has been recently placed, or the catheter is at risk of being pulled out or dislodged based on each individual patient/physician basis and preference. In these circumstances the nurses responsibilities will be limited to cleaning and maintenance care of the patients cystostomy site. (See nursing and patient teaching sections for more information regarding care and maintenance .) Unsutured. A properly positioned SPC with adequate cystostomy does not necessitate sutured abdominal placement. Once healing has occurred sutures are not needed to hold the tubing in place. After the first change has been conducted, a registered nurse then has the option to exchange the suprapubic catheter (Rigby, 2009). The best evidence in regards to how often to exchange a suprapubic catheter is found to be every 6 8 weeks (Robinson, 2008; Wimpenny, 2010). The procedure for the exchange of SPC uses an aseptic technique, and the equipment required is similar to that used for urethral catheterization (Robinson, 2008). When changing a suprapubic catheter speed is very important. The new catheter should be inserted within 5-10 minutes of removal of the old catheter. (Rigby, 2009; Wimpenny, 2010). The longer the site is exposed the more chance that bacteria can become a problem. Also, the catheter track will close very rapidly once the catheter has been removed (Harrison et al., 2011) . The catheter should never be removed unless an immediate change will take place. When a patient comes to the hospital with a SPC, the health care team should make sure to always have a spare catheter available at the patients bedside in case of accidental removal (Rigby, 2009). The exchange of a suprapubic catheter follows a very similar procedure to that of insertion of a urinary catheter. The nurse must check the doctors orders to ensure the correct size and type of catheter are being used during an exchange (Robinson, 2005). In completing this task the nurse is ensuring that he or she has all of the supplies necessary to begin and complete the procedure within reach. While providing the patients privacy, the nurse should first explain the procedure and obtain the consent of the patient (Chaikind, 2004). Subsequent to this, the patient should be instructed to lie in the supine position, exposing the suprapubic catheter insertion site. Next, the nurse will wash his or her hands with soap and water or antibacterial solution in an effort to decrease the risk of infection during the exchange procedure. Contact isolation precautions should be taken during this procedure since the cystostomy creates a new route to the bladder that may lead to infection. An asep tic approach should be taken throughout the process. A gown and non-sterile gloves should be worn at all times, unless sterile gloves are order. (Best Practice, 2003) Using aseptic technique, open the sterile packages and prepare a clean, convenient working space that is close to the patient. This will further decrease the risk for infection (Best Practice, 2003). If there is a dressing on the clients cystostomy site it should be removed and cleaned with 0.9% sodium chloride solution to avoid introducing bacteria into the channel during the exchange of the catheter. Remember to clean the site from the inside out and never wipe over a previously cleaned section to decrease the risk of bacteria contaminating the cystostomy channel. The balloon catheter needs to be deflated before the catheter can be removed. Use the empty syringe provided to remove the sterile water from the balloon. With the contaminated gloves still on, remove any tape or straps holding the catheter and catheter bag to the patient. (Rigby, 2009; Robinson, 2005; Wimpenny, 2010) Next, remove the catheter steadily and slowly to avoid balloon cuffing or possible pain to the patient. Grip catheters at the skins surface area and remove the catheter slowly making sure there is no resistance and the patient is not in any pain. Studies have shown that if there is no resistance or pain in the first 1-2 cm of removal it is unlikely there will be any complications during the removal (Robinson, 2005). Rotating the catheter while removing it aids in reducing the risk of channel damage. Measuring the catheter that was inside the patient will ensure correct placement of the new catheter. After removal of the old catheter, quickly clean the surface area of the patients cystostomy site of any urine or exudates that may have come out during the removal process. Next, while holding the new catheter at the distance measured from the old catheter, insert the tubing down the cystostomy channel. The new catheter should be inserted as quickly as possible after the removal of the o ld catheter. The time between removal and insertion of the new catheter should be within 5 to 10 minutes (Rigby, 2009; Wimpenny, 2010). Attach the prefilled syringe containing 10ml of sterile water and inflate the catheter 3-5ml full. It is suggested that this should be done slowly and carefully so that the risk that the catheter tip does not pass into the urethra (Harrison et al., 2011). Pull back slightly until resistance is felt against the bladder wall, then completely inflate the catheter balloon with the remaining sterile water (Rigby, 2009; Robinson, 2005; Robinson, 2008; Xue, 2009). Attach a new drainage bag to the catheter and secure the new bag in place. Make sure the abdomen and cystostomy site are clean and dry before dressing and taping the new catheter to the patient. Cleaning and drying the area will create a better foundation for the new catheter and lessen the chance of accidental removal as well as decrease irritation and infection risk. Also, taping the catheter tubing to the patients abdomen will secure it in place and lessen the chance for the catheter to be accidentally removed. Make sure the patient is comfortable and make efforts to reduce any pain throughout the procedure. Dressing. Generally if a patients cystostomy site is clean and dry, it is not necessary to put a dressing around the tubing and insertion site. Although some patients may prefer for the area to be covered, topical dressing can be used per patient preference and hospital protocol. Refer to the patient teaching section regarding proper care and maintenance of a suprapubic catheter for more information. (Robinson, 2005) Complications. As with any medical device, utilization of a suprapubic catheter presents specific and often predictable problems associated with its use. The patient, their family, and associated healthcare providers must assess for complications and take measures to minimize occurrences. If a complication should occur interventions should be implemented to correct these problems as soon as possible. Common complications include: bladder calculi, balloon cuffing, abdominal wall and urethral infections, bleeding, altered body image, latex allergy, over granulation, bypassing whether by urethral and/or entry site, and obesity (Rigby, 2009; Robinson, 2005; Robinson, 2008; Xue, 2009). Bladder calculi. Occlusion of the catheter causes a variety of problems in addition to compromising the functionality of the device. SPC has a lower incidence of urinary tract infection compared to urethral catheterization although it may increase the incidence of bladder calculi (Wells et al, 2008). One-third of patients with long-term SPC developed bladder stones over a ten-year period (Khan et al., 2007; Sugimura, 2008). Under alkaline conditions minerals precipitate on the outside of the inserted portion of the catheter, especially the tip. This can cause recurrent blockage in around 40% to 50% of long-term catheterized patients. Replacing catheters regularly reduces blockage, and blocked catheters should be replaced promptly (Rigby, 2009). If a patient is having repeated occurrences of this, exchanging the catheter more often may be helpful in preventing such buildups (Harrison et al., 2011). Balloon cuffing. Many patients report pain upon the removal of the suprapubic catheter. This is partially due to the detrusor muscle contracting during stimulation. Additionally, it is estimated that the diameter of the catheter increases in size at the location of the cuff even after deflation. Upon removal this size increase is responsible for causing additional pain. In suprapubic catheterization the catheter passes through the detrusor muscle. As the catheter is being removed, the detrusor muscle is stimulated. Stimulation causes the bladder wall to contract, tightening its hold on the catheter. As more force is used to remove the catheter due to restriction and tightening of the bladder wall an accordion type of effect which causes ridges in the deflated catheter balloon and bunching at the catheter tip (Robinson, 2003). Balloon cuffing causes the silicone to stick, which in turn causes pain to the patient and possible lesions down the cystostomy channel. Hydrogel coated latex c atheters are now increasingly used in suprapubic sites, unless the patient is allergic to latex (Parkin, Scanlan, Woolley, Grover, Evans, Feneley, 2002; Robinson, 2003). Having the patient relaxed and encouraging the patient to deep breathe will lessen the constriction on the detrusor muscle resulting in less pain for the patient. Properly premeditating the patient with pain medications prior to the procedure may also help to reduce the anxiety and pain (Anderson, 2002). This problem has been seen more commonly with silicone catheters due to ridges being formed in the balloon that may hinder the catheter withdrawal (Harrison et al., 2011). Abdominal wall and urethral infections. The patient and/or trained caregiver should inspect the cystostomy site for infection daily and any time the site is exposed. The chance of catheter site infection is always a possibility. Bacteria are inevitably present at some time in a patients usage of a urinary catheter for a long period of time. This should be treated with antibiotics unless cellulitis is present (Harrison et al., 2011). Additionally, the healthcare provider should assess for signs and symptoms of infection. If the patient is presenting with signs of infection (i.e. foul smelling urine, urine has a cloudy appearance, redness or puss around insertion, etc.) inform the patients physician and send a sample of the urine or puss to the lab for a culture (Robinson, 2005). For every day that the catheter stays in place approximately 5% of patients will develop bacteriuria and up to 50% over one week, and virtually all patients requiring indwelling urinary catheters for longer th an a month become bacteriuria (Rigby, 2009). The best practice evidence shows that the catheter should be changed every 6 8 weeks and should be cleaned daily (Robinson, 2008; Wimpenny, 2010). This will further prevent infectious microorganisms from leading to future complications. If an infection is apparent whether at the insertion site or within the patients urine, the patients physician should be contacted immediately in order to avoid further complications (Best Practice, 2003). Risk for bleeding. Hematuria or bleeding of unknown cause can occur at any time. Encrustation and cuffed catheter balloons can cause bleeding along the cystostomy tract. In situations like these, the bleeding should stop fairly quickly (Robinson, 2005). Patients should be aware of the risk for bleeding and contact their healthcare provider in the event of bleeding that continues. During the exchange process bleeding may occur. Nurses need to be aware of possible injuries and evaluate each scenario based on the individual patient. Light bleeding is not a cause for worry, but should be monitored for clotting and infection. Bleeding and failure of the catheter to drain properly may indicate that the tip of the catheter is lodged in the urethra. If this has occurred, the catheter balloon should be deflated so that the catheter can be positioned correctly (Harrison et al., 2011). If the bleeding does not stop or the site becomes painful or inflamed consult a physician. Latex allergy. Latex allergy will present a problem when latex catheters are used. The nurse needs to ask the patient if they have a latex allergy. The nurse must be informed whether the replacement catheter includes latex prior to exchanging it. Silicone catheters are available for patients who have a latex allergy. (Robinson, 2005) Over granulation. The bodys natural healing process may generate over granulation around the cystostomy and is a common occurrence at the suprapubic entry site (Robinson, 2003). Over granulation is described as a buildup of scar tissue inside the cystostomy site and around the stoma. This over production of cellular growth will cause a narrowing at the insertion site making exchange very difficult. Depending on the degree of over granulation no action may need to be taken but this area needs to be observed. However if over granulation is increasing, this problem needs to be treated (Robinson, 2005). Use nursing judgment to decide if and when the physician needs to be notified because over granulation has begun to cause blockage at the insertion site. Harrison et al. (2011) suggests that the use of silver nitrate can be used to help manage the granulation growth, as long as a barrier cream is used on the surrounding skin so that only the desire area is treated. Bypassing whether by urethral or entire catheter. Occasionally urine may travel through the urethra or within the channel created by SPC placement. Bypassing through the urethra or cystostomy channel is a common problem in SPC patients. Unless the bladder neck has been surgically closed, it acts as a safety valve. A nurse should also check the catheter for blockage to make sure the urine is not being sent back into the bladder and out the urethra causing the leakage. Additionally, it is recommended to check for incorrect fitting of the drainage system. If the catheter seems like it does not fit snuggly inside of the channel, consult the physician to make sure the right sized catheter is being used and nothing is wrong with the channel itself. Antispasmodics and anticholinergic medications can be used in the instance of bladder spasms being the cause for leakage. Use nursing judgment and refer the patient to a urology consult if the leakage continues once all other possibilities have been ruled out. (Robinson, 2005) Obesity. If the patient is obese a second person may be used to separate the folds of overlapping skin to aid access to the cystostomy site. In some cases the patient may be able to assist the RN, to hold back the extra skin, creating a comfortable, sterile working field for the RN that is doing the exchange. Obese patients also have trouble maintaining a clean, infection free area for SPC placement. Tailored hygiene instruction and reverse demonstration should be done with obese patients to warrant safe effective home care. (Robinson, 2005) Autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia is a common complication in spinal cord injury patients and the healthcare provider should be aware of signs and symptoms related to this disorder. Suprapubic catheters are used in many spinal cord injury patients. Therefore, special attention needs to be given to patients with injuries above T6. Complications of autonomic dysreflexia can be life threatening. If there is a kink in the catheter tubing autonomic dysreflexia may occur due to an over reaction of the autonomic nervous system causing excessively and suddenly high blood pressure. The health care professional would need to immediately recognize this condition, set the patient in an upright position and un-kink the tubing or remove the catheter if symptoms do not subside. (Schottler, 2009) Documentation Documentation is an important aspect when giving care. Not only does this show evidence of the patients progress, but also it is helpful when communication among multiple healthcare staff that may be involved with an individuals care. Insertion site, skin integrity, catheter patency, urine appearance and amount, and patients pain all need to be documented in each assessment made (Rushing, 2006). The documentation process may be different depending on what type of patient charting is done, but the content will remain the same. Documentation should be completed every shift and include findings from each assessment care rendered and complications should be thoroughly noted. Document the procedure per the hospital protocol making sure to include the type of catheter, length of the catheter inserted, date and time the change took place, size of the catheter used, how much sterile water was used to secure the catheter in place, and how the patient responded to the procedure (Rigby, 2009; R obinson, 2005; Robinson, 2008; Xue, 2009). Documentation of the insertion site should include the color of the skin, presence of any breakdown, tenderness, and exudates that may be present. Patency of the drainage tube needs to be documented. The urine appearance should be documented based on color, odor, and amount. This is done so that an accurate output can be determined. Depending on a patients specific needs, strict intake and output may affect the p

Teenagers And Cosmetic Surgery

Teenagers And Cosmetic Surgery Should Teenagers be Allowed to Undergo Cosmetic Surgery? Cosmetic surgery, known as a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. ( Wikipedia Dictionary) Perhaps since the beginning of the time, self-improvement have been essential to the humankind. So, it is not surprise that the cosmetic surgery may be one of the worlds oldest healing arts. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), as far back as 4000 years ago, documented evidence exists of medical treatment for facial injuries.( ASPS, 2012 ) The first plastic surgeon was an American doctor, Dr. John Peter Mettauer. He carried out his first cleft palate operation in the year 1827 with instruments he handcrafted by himself. (Costhetics, 2009 ) Today, cosmetic surgery has been increased dramatically in the medical field as everybody seems to be obsessed with the Hollywood celebrity style image. Teenagers, especially girls, always find the ways to enhance their appearance for the reason of please someone else. The ASPS reports th at there have almost 219,000 cosmetic procedures done on people age 13 to 19 in 2009. There are many reasons that could affect a teenager to seek cosmetic surgery. The common reasons for cosmetic surgery among teenagers are peer pressure, media stereotypes, Body Dysmorphic Disorder and depression. (Pitsilis, 2009) Although cosmetic surgery may improve the confidence level of teenagers, it should not be allowed due to negative effects in terms of the physical, psychology and financial aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to point out the incomplete physical, incomplete psychology and the financial burden of teenagers who seek cosmetic surgery. Teenagers should not be allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery as many teens body are still growing. The incomplete physical status may cause the teenagers have to redone the surgery as their body grew. Many adolescent girls who want to carry out the breast augmentation procedure due to breast asymmetry which means the size of one breast is different with other. (ASPS, 2012) In order to get the best result, the patient should delay the surgery until breast mature. It is because the benefits of surgery would be negate if the surgery carried out on a feature that has not yet full-grown. Besides that, another example of a surgery that is not advisable to do for the young teens is liposuction. Liposuction is a procedure that suck out excess fat under the skin. This procedure does not make sense to do because young teens may lose their weigh as they grew. Therefore, teenagers should not undergo the cosmetic surgery when they are young and the cosmetic surgeon should not touch the body that i s not yet full-grown. Although there are no clinical tests on the safety and long term effects of the cosmetic surgery for young teens, teenagers should not allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery. It is due to the surgery may cause harm later. Studies by implant manufacturers report that most women have at least one serious complication within the first 3 years, including infection, hematomas and seromas, capsular contracture, loss of nipple sensation, and hypertrophic scarring.( Zuckerman, 2005) Therefore, teenagers should not be allowed from doing cosmetic surgery as a premature surgery may cause many problems to teens in future. Another reason that the teenagers should not be allowed undergo cosmetic surgery is their psychology incomplete. Most of the teenagers could not make a mature decision as they do not have the realistic expectation about the cosmetic surgery. They believe the surgery can change their life dramatically, such as a change in popularity status.( Odunze, 2011 ) Such unrealistic expectation will disappointed the teens even the result of surgery is acceptable. So, the cosmetic surgery is not a wise choice for teens who do not know the limitation of surgery. Furthermore, most of the teens do not have experience about the cosmetic surgery as it is their first time to get the cosmetic surgery. Therefore, they have no idea how pain of the incisions and how long of the recovery time. ( Odunze, 2011) Cosmetic surgery is a dangerous idea for teenagers as their decision always based on impulse. They are going to see the positive but never think about the negative. (Woinarowicz, 2007) They do not realize the risk of surgery even they are going to it. Therefore, the cosmetic surgery should not be carried out for teenagers as they do not know the negative. Moreover, teenagers should reconsider if they want to undergo cosmetic surgery. It is because they always neglect the views of society that may be the pressure of them after they got the surgery. They may receive less respect from their peer and even squeezed out by their friends. ( Crump, 2012 )So, the cosmetic surgery should not should not easy access by the young teens. Another reason that the cosmetic surgery should not be an option to teenagers is that they are obsessed with their looks. Most teenagers have some kind of dissatisfaction with their bodies. Then, they may seek cosmetic surgery as they believe that it can solve their problem. The peers also could affect how the teens view their body. When a friend says a negative comment to a persons body, that person will believe it and find a way to change it. Doubtless, the cosmetic surgery would be the effective and fast way to solve the dissatisfaction. (Woinarowicz, 2007) However, they do not realize that their body will grow and change in a couple years. Then, it is not necessary to get the cosmetic surgery as the factor of surgery had disappeared. So, the teenagers should not be allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery as they would not get the result they wanted if they are aiming perfection. The costs of cosmetic surgery are substantial is the final reason why young teens should not be allowed to undergo the cosmetic surgery. The large bill that results from cosmetic surgery probably could not afford by the young teens since the health insurance rarely cover this surgery. If a teenager had a struggle paying for the first procedure, then he or she will probably not be able to pay for the procedures that will be needed in the future.ÂÂ   ( Woinarowicz, 2007) In other hand, the money should spend for other important cases such as education instead of cosmetic surgery that cost thousands of dollars. The cosmetic surgery is not the only way to improve quality of life. Therefore, the teenagers should not to seek the cosmetic surgery as they are not financially stable. However, there are still groups of people who are think that the cosmetic surgery should be allowed for teens. The common argument is that the cosmetic surgery can improve physical characteristics. The intention of teens to get cosmetic surgery probably due to peer pressure. They want to be seen differently by their peers or just want to fit in. Cosmetic surgery as a self-esteem lift. They can achieve gain in confidence when they improve their physical characteristics by undergoing a cosmetic surgery. ( Patriot-News, 2009 ) Besides, the cosmetic surgery also can help to reduce depression. According to a study by ASPS, a significant number of patients stopped taking antidepressant medication after getting cosmetic surgery. ( Nauert, 2006 ) It is because the surgery can help patients be more happier by taking control over something that has truly bothered them. In actual fact, although the cosmetic surgery may really can improve their physical characteristics, most of the teens are undergoing the surgery with wrong reason. Cosmetic surgery is not a only way to fit into their peers. In contrast, the surgery may lead to further emotional scars because the teens will grow and wonders if the surgery was a wise option. Furthermore, the short-term benefits of cosmetic surgery also may decrease over time. It may due to common complications of surgery, weigh gain, or even aging. (Zuckerman and Abraham, 2008 ) The surgery also contain a lot of risks that the teenagers do not know. Parent have the responsibility to advise their teens as look are not everything. The young teens should learn to accept theirselves which is valuable, especially when it can prevent the teens to get the cosmetic surgery that cost thousands of dollars. Opponents also argue that the cosmetic surgery is a reasonable action to teenagers as it is a way to avoid bullying. Bullying is a new trend in the lives of teenagers. In an attempt to solve this trend, there have non-profit organization such as Little Baby Face Foundation that aims to help the teens who born with facial deformities by providing free surgery. ( Diller, 2012 ) By getting the surgery, the teens obviously benefit from it. It is because the surgery can improve their social success and also improve their quality of life. Then, the teens could having their life much more happier and easier and get their newfound confidence from it. Although the cosmetic surgery may beneficial for certain teens, the bullying still can be tackled via other ways. It is more important to teach the skills that can combat the bullying rather than undergo cosmetic surgery. Parent play an important role in this problem. They should educate children admire and embrace difference since they were young so that the trend of bullying can be reduce. Besides that, teens also should be know that the confidence should to come from within as inside important than appearance. ( Discovery Institute, 2011 ) Moreover, the teens who get the surgery also more likely to being bully. It is because the bullying is a fact and there have no guarantee it will end with surgery. They still have the probability of make fun or tease by their peers as the reason that being the target of bullying is not based on legitimate reason. So, going under the knife could not really stop the living nightmare of bullying. Therefore, the cosmetic surgery is not a reasonable action for young teens who want to combat bullying. The opponents also argue that the cosmetic surgery could effectively reduce the problems of psychological disorder in particularly Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Body dysmorphic disorder is a condition that involves obsessions, which are distressing thoughts that repeatedly intrude into a persons awareness.'( Lyness, 2010 ) The surgery could correct flawed appearance of young teens so that they would not feel depression on their look. The study of TeensHealth show that many people with BDD may consider or attempt suicide due to depress on their look. In addition, the obsessions that due to BDD can interfere the life of teens. For instance, the teens might spent a lot of money and time to make up to cover the problem. The life of teenagers would be transformed after they get the surgery as they could gain confidence from it. However, the cosmetic surgery would not improve the BDD as the condition of obsessive still present. So, the teens who have BDD will not be satisfied with the outcome of surgery even everything looks great. ( Lukash, 2010 ) Then, the patient often will request another surgery but is less likely to feel satisfied with the result . It is because they are too obsessed with a flaw that they convinced. Consequently, they will have more and more surgery that are not able to help them relief from it. So, the cosmetic surgery could not address the BDD but can be treated by an mental health professional. The treatment that given by the professional can helps to correct the pattern that causing BDD so that the person can fully enjoy their life as the BDD truly interfere them. All in all, the costly and risky cosmetic surgery should not be undergo by teenagers as they are incomplete physical, incomplete psychology, and the large bill of surgery can be the financial burden of them. In addition to that, parent should take a more serious view on this matter and take over the responsibility of educate their teens since they are young so that the surgeries that done on teens can be decreased. In conclusion, the teenagers should not be allowed to undergo the cosmetic surgery if the teens do not have serious problem that can interfere their daily activities. It is due to the teenagers are too young and cannot made a rational decisions for themselves. Therefore, in order to decrease the cosmetic surgeries that done on young teens, the related department should strengthen the laws as it approve the teens get cosmetic surgery before they are both mature in physical and psychology. Besides, the cosmetic surgeon also should ensure the patient is fully understand the risks and limitation of surgery so that the cosmetic surgery performed on the patient can be beneficial. All in all, the cosmetic surgery should not be done on teenagers who at young age. (2,136 words)

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Analyzing the Priceless MasterCard Advertisements :: Advertising Business Marketing GCSE Coursework

Analyzing the Priceless MasterCard Advertisements They tell how much it will cost you to buy one thing and then another, overwhelming you with the cost of life. They then reveal to you the priceless moment that comes from all of this cost. Can you guess which advertisements I am talking about? That’s right, MasterCard commercials; The commercials titled: â€Å"Spending Quality Time with Your Family†, â€Å"Leaving Your Cash At Home†, â€Å"One Stadium Down, 29 To Go† from MasterCard’s â€Å"priceless† ad campaign, just reel you in with that priceless moment. Well you would never guess just how many tactics they use in one commercial just to suck you in. They use many little clever details in order to appeal to people and convince them that they want to use their company and not someone else’s. These MasterCard advertisements are targeted towards an American audience whether the audience be families or the youth of America. American values and interests, along with a va riety of visuals, text, and subject matters are incorporated in order to do this. The ads also appeal to these audiences through emotion and logic. By using all of these different tools, MasterCard is able to create a commercial to convince a mass of people to use their company without thinking any further than the commercial that just flashed before their eyes. The ads are centered on today’s American society. These specific MasterCard ads target Americans through values and interests that make up their culture. One example being the use of The Simpsons show for one of these ads. Most Americans are very familiar with the Simpson family and therefore can relate to the advertisement. Also, the idea of having extra time to spend with your family is incorporated into the advertisement. This is very effective in capturing the audience because family is widely valued within American society. Another effective reference that is used is towards baseball. Baseball is huge in the United States and everyone either watches it or knows someone who does. By using these references MasterCard is able to create commercials that the creators’ audience can relate to. The authors of these commercials are a group of people hired by MasterCard to think the catchiest and most creative commercial. Their purpose is to create advertisements that are targeted towards and specific audience and then to capture that audience.