London Youth Symphony Case free essay sample

LONDON YOUTH SYMPHONY Colette Southam arranged this case under the management of Professor Craig Dunbar exclusively to give material to class conversation. The creators don't mean to delineate either powerful or ineffectual treatment of an administrative circumstance. The creators may have camouflaged certain names and other recognizing data to ensure classification. Ivey Management Services disallows any type of multiplication, stockpiling or transmittal without its composed authorization. Multiplication of this material isn't secured under approval by any generation rights association. To arrange duplicates or solicitation authorization to replicate materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; telephone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; email [emailprotected] uwo. ca. Copyright  © 2005, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2009-10-04 On Sunday April 4, 2004, Daina Janitis, board leader of the London Youth Symphony (LYS), sat in her home office and composed: I’ve been around the LYS for almost twelve years †eight preceding I propelled my own young artists into the grown-up world and the last four as president. We will compose a custom paper test on London Youth Symphony Case or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I have been wearied every year by no different conversations with the top managerial staff, â€Å"Can individuals join in the event that they can’t pay? † â€Å"Do we rebuff non-participants? † and â€Å"Are we going to fail? † Fortunately, today, the last inquiry isn't an issue †thank heavens. Rather, the inquiry â€Å"Do we have a financial balance yet no ensemble? † has surfaced. LONDON YOUTH SYMPHONY BACKGROUND The LYS was a not-revenue driven association with a volunteer governing body. It was established in 1961 with the help of the Junior Women’s Committee of the London Symphony Orchestra Association with Derek Stannard filling in as the main director. Not just diversion for youthful players, LYS furnished the region’s best youthful artists with a difficult musical symphony experience. A considerable lot of the more than 2,000 LYS graduated class proceeded to have vocations as music instructors, soloists and artists in proficient symphonies and outfits while other people who sought after non-melodic profession ways proceeded with their deep rooted responsibilities to music through enrollment with network ensembles all through Canada. The LYS experience uncovered progressed symphonic instrumentalists to a degree of collection and outfit playing that couldn't be copied by any school symphony or through private examination alone. Enrollment in the LYS was available to artists between the ages of 13 and 23 from London and the encompassing region and was dependent upon an effective tryout with the orchestra’s director and music chief since 2002, Len Ingrao. Director of the Waterloo Chamber Players and the London Community Orchestra, the previous LYS partner director ventured into the job of LYS director upon the demise of long-term LYS director Stan Kopac. The LYS Young Strings (YS) program was an effort program of the LYS and was available to violin, viola, cello and twofold bass players between the ages of eight and 15 with Page 2 9B05N009 the suggestion of their school or private music educator. YS was imagined around 20 years prior by London string music teacher, Steven Wolsley as a ‘feeder group’ to furnish LYS with required string players. During the week by week full LYS practices, Maestro Ingrao guided the players in musicianship, symphonic playing method and order deserving of the best and most dedicated youthful performers in the zone. As indicated by the performers, the symphony gave them an extremely testing traditional and contemporary collection. An ongoing LYS former student who proceeded onward to go to an esteemed private music center described how her colleagues griped about the trouble of one of their instrumental pieces. She instructed them to quit crying and that she played the piece when she was a young person in her childhood ensemble. LYS artists additionally profited by standard sectional practices with mentors from Orchestra London and the Don Wright Faculty of Music at the University of Western Ontario. As indicated by Maestro Ingrao, â€Å"It’s too simple to even consider believing that a conductor can or ought to have the option to do everything and overlook that the instrumental experts are the ones who bestow the imperative specialized guidance. † LYS performed three significant musical shows for each year, highlighting a youthful soloist chose from inside the positions of the ensemble or a youthful visitor craftsman. A first-time supporter at an ongoing show was caught saying, â€Å"I didn’t anticipate that it should seem like an expert symphony, however when I shut my eyes during the show, it sure didn’t sound like children. † LYS likewise performed at shows with different gatherings, for example, the London Community Orchestra (LCO) and ensembles from neighboring network houses of worship. The LYS, through effort shows and the 2002 visit in Austria and Italy, has put London on the adolescent ensemble map. Money related POSITION On August 31, 2001, the LYS financial balance was $10,044 (see Exhibit 1). In light of anticipated consumptions, it appeared to be inescapable that this parity would be drained throughout the fall 2001 season. Also, bingo incomes had been a significant wellspring of pay for LYS and 3C Bingo, the corridor that held their licenses, was experiencing money related troubles all through 2001 so its own future was unsure. 1 The board chose in June 2001, that LYS could no longer bear the cost of $10,000 every year to have a paid supervisor. Throughout the following two years, the board president, Daina Janitis, and treasurer, Abigail Butt, did most of the manager’s obligations. In October 2002, LYS was acknowledged at the Bingo Castle and Bingo Palace with the goal that bingo incomes started to stream once more. With Butt’s tight monetary restriction, by August 31, 2003, LYS was in a solid budgetary circumstance again with $41,664 in the general record (see Exhibit 1). Incomes Enrolled under the government Charities Act, LYS had no offer capital and settled no personal expense. As per the salary proclamation, LYS had four diverse income streams: raising money, education costs, awards and sponsorships and show continues (see Exhibit 2). In 2004, gathering pledges income, only because of bingos, added up to $9,309. The city’s restriction on smoking in every single open spot was relied upon to diminish future bingo incomes by 20 percent since neighboring districts despite everything permitted smoking in bingo corridors, as did the close by gambling club. Bingos were a key wellspring of financing for not-revenue driven associations in Ontario. Overseen by the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Commission, the detailing and record-keeping necessities were tough. Until 2001, a LYS family had dealt with the organization’s bingos, yet when that family’s 1 3C left business in September 2001. Page 3 9B05N009 performer moved on from LYS, this errand tumbled to the board treasurer. Each LYS part family was required to take part at three bingos for every year, while YS families were not right now required to take part. Preferably, every bingo expected 10 to 12 volunteers (artists over age 16 or guardians) to run easily, and needed to incorporate a board part who marked the bingo permit application and a couple of other people who were prepared in the computation of prizes or different parts of the bingo procedure. Be that as it may, without a proper procedure for following LYS family chipping in, bingos were running with as not many as six individuals. Different pledge drives were substantially less worthwhile. Deals of poinsettias and bamboo plants in 2002 acquired income of $6,579, however the related expenses added up to $5,545. â€Å"Retail† kinds of pledge drives were disagreeable with the guardians who were at that point soaked with chocolates, cheddar and plants to sell for their children’s schools and extracurricular associations. Numerous guardians selected to buy the plants as blessings as opposed to permit their kids to sell one more thing to family, companions and their associates. The executives of these littler pledge drives likewise positioned an extra weight on the board individuals, who ran the pledge drives without a raising support advisory group. Then again, the profits related with the Cabaret Night pledge drive in 2000 were all the more engaging. The single-night occasion acquired $2,276 with related expenses of just $623. Moreover, the Cabaret experience was a good time for the artists, engaging for loved ones, and it expanded the orchestra’s introduction in the city. Education costs got $17,069 in 2004. Current educational cost is $325 for LYS and $145 for YS (see Exhibit 3). YS educational cost had expanded by $10 to $145 since 2001. In 2004, LYS educational cost had come back to $325 in the wake of being raised to $425 for the 2003 season. A diminishing in paid enrolment from 50 to 28 performers went with the expansion in educational cost. Note that there is a disparity between the quantity of artists that paid to enlist and the quantity of performers recorded in the show programs. As per the program notes, there were 35 LYS performers in 2003, while just 25 paid educational cost. There was no conventional arrangement set up to pardon educational cost for artists who couldn't pay because of money related difficulty. This was a wellspring of dissention on the board, with certain individuals accepting that powerlessness to pay the educational cost ought not keep any certified artist from having a place. YS enrolment didn't seem to have a versatile interest and the numbers were required to stay consistent. Awards and sponsorships were a significant wellspring of income for LYS. Trillium Foundation Grants gave one-time allows that could be utilized to buy instruments and music while The London Arts Counc

Impact of The Children’s Act 2014 on Child Healthy Eating

Effect of The Children’s Act 2014 on Child Healthy Eating The Children’s Act 2014 In 2003 an administration activity was propelled in England and Wales. ECM (each kid matters) was in light of the demise of Victoria Climbie. Victoria Climbie was an eight years of age young lady who was tormented and killed by her gatekeepers. Victoria didn’t have a sound way of life which prompted her grievous passing. An open enquiry was driven and significant changes had occurred in youngster security strategies. Despite the fact that her gatekeepers were charged, new laws would mean there would be no redundancy later on. The five focuses for each kid matters. Remain safe Wellbeing Appreciate and accomplish Financial prosperity Positive development ECM covers those with inabilities (up to the age of 24), kids and youthful grown-ups (up to the age of 19.) A sound way of life is fulfilling one’s own life. Its eating well food and practicing as well as incorporates mental and social prosperity. A sound way of life is significant for the two grown-ups and youngsters. In the event that guardians eat, rest and live sound then the youngsters will gain similar propensities which without a doubt will lead a kid to grow up solid and cheerful. It is additionally the privilege of each kid to have the option to carry on with a sound way of life with the end goal for them to accomplish positive results in their future. All together for an individual to carry on with a solid way of life and forestall incessant ailment, they should expect to eat well food, practice consistently and keep up a sound BMI. Exercise For sound development and advancement of children, little children and preschool being genuinely dynamic is significant for their wellbeing and to forestall sicknesses. Practicing is essential to keep up a sound way of life for the two kids and grown-ups, on the off chance that guardians incorporate into their own lives this will, at that point finish to the people in the future. Children Urge babies from birth to play on the floor, this will prompt head developments, pulling, pushing and developments of body and appendages, and this is a decent type of day by day work out. (CDC) Babies Three hours is the suggested time, for kids who stroll all alone as day by day work out. Moving around, running and skipping are exercises they could do, better still to support youngsters, to get it done games, pursuing and climbing outlines in light of the fact that these exercises are best for this age gathering. Guardians ought to abstain from taking vehicles to class and urge youngsters to stroll as an every day work out. Other viable strategies like swimming, stops or general cleaning should be possible as a family. (Web MD) BMI (weight list) BMI is a method of checking whether your weight is proper for your stature. By and large the higher you’re BMI the danger of clinical ailments is likewise higher. BMI under 18.5 is viewed as underweight, it could be somebody is simply thin, however on the off chance that because of less than stellar eating routine and supplements it can prompt sicknesses, for example, frailty, bone diminishing and fruitlessness 18.5-24.9 is typical; you are having the perfect measure of calories for your exercises 25-29.9 is overweight this could build creating stroke, CHD, diabetes The best approach to compute BMI is by partitioning your weight in kilograms by your stature in square meter. 57/(1.31.3) =33.73 overweight Weight stature squared BMI 40/(1.51.5) =17.78 underweight Grown-ups and youngsters have various diagrams to work BMI, as in grown-ups there is no distinction in guys and females yet in kids there is. (Bupa) Good dieting Good dieting is the third component of a solid way of life. Suppers ought to incorporate food from all the diverse nutrition classes so grown-ups and youngsters have an admission of all the various supplements, nutrients and minerals for all around goodness. At dinner times kids watching the guardians eat well food, will need the youngsters to share and investigate a similar food. As guardians are the primary carers of kids from birth, normally a similar dietary patterns will show up in the kid. Sugars rice, pasta, potatoes Other dull nourishments Vitality, fiber nutrients. Iron Compelling entrail work Protein Milk, meat, fish, eggs, cheddar Protein, zinc iron, B nutrients Fix and development of the body cells. Sound bones Products of the soil All new products of the soil, peas ,beans, sweet corn Nutrients A,C E, foliate and fiber Great wellspring of fiber, help with a sound weight Fat (unsaturated) olives, sunflower oil, salmon, new fish, nuts Bringing down cholesterol (saturated)crisps, oil, fat, chips, desserts Nutrient AD Fundamental Fatty acids, vitality vitality Sugars Sugar, jam. nectar, juice Nutrient AD vitality Fat has two classes soaked and unsaturated, immersed fat can prompt coronary illness, it builds cholesterol. Unsaturated fat is progressively useful as it brings down cholesterol in the blood. Sweet nourishments, for example, chocolates, bubbly beverages ought to be eaten less as often as possible and less in amount as it could prompt weight increase and tooth rot. An undesirable way of life can cause numerous ailments. Incessant ailment is a drawn out disease which as a rule can't be turned around, it implies changing in accordance with the sickness which may make interruption one’s life. Numerous things will change for example the manner in which we carry on with our life and how we identify with others. A ceaseless ailment can make life upsetting. Basic ceaseless diseases Stroke-this is when blood flexibly has sliced off to the piece of the mind, essential oxygen doesn’t arrive at the cerebrum. Malignancy there are more than 200 sorts of disease and it impact distinctive body parts, dangerous cells can develop and repeat wildly wrecking solid tissues around organs and different pieces of the body. Diabetes-there are two sorts of diabetes. Type 1 is when body doesn’t produce any insulin whatsoever and type 2 when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin. Type 2 is normally found in more established individuals. Not observing the dietary standards can prompt eye issues and foot ulcers and more sicknesses. Coronary illness coronary supply routes are obstructed by swelling substances which stop the blood streaming to the heart, this can be brought about by high soaked eating regimen and smoking, it’s the greatest executioner in the UK. (Hypertension),- Around 30% of individuals in England have hypertension, blood is squeezed against the dividers of your supply routes to siphon around the body, if pressure is high that implies there is an incredible strain on the conduits. On the off chance that treatment isn't done this could prompt stroke or coronary illness. Incessant obstructive aspiratory malady (adapted)- this is the point at which the aviation routes have limited causing the individual not having the option to breath, undoubtedly cause can be smoking despite the fact that exhaust residue and air can cause this yet very rare.(NHS) Various hazard components can be the root to the above ailments Physical dormancy: We have to urge the youthful to be dynamic. Smoking Unfortunate eating regimen: high measures of soaked fat, sugar and salt can be unsafe. Huge utilization of liquor An unfortunate way of life is bound to increment constant ailment, an individual may have family ancestry thus might be naturally introduced to it, a few diseases are especially to age sexual orientation or ethnic gatherings, all things considered treatment and exhortation can be given to diminish the indications by following the sound way of life Dormancy can prompt unexpected weakness and interminable sicknesses. Heftiness in kids is on the expansion throughout the years. Unfortunate food notwithstanding idleness has been a reason for this, there has been a fourfold increment in kids and youngsters with stoutness related sicknesses. Overviews in England reason that 3 of every 2-15year olds are overweight Most significant levels of stoutness were found in more seasoned youngsters, and those kids with more elevated level of corpulence needed physical exercise. In this manner practice from youthful can lessen and turn around interminable ailments like coronary illness and diabetes.(BBC) Youngsters who are corpulent since early on or have guardians that are overweight will bring about being overweight when more seasoned. The most noticeably awful eating routine is known to be in the more unfortunate families as they have less assortment in solid food since food which has high immersed fat and salt will be less expensive. (Personnel of general Health) Exercises for little youngsters Imaginative Activities Exercises should be possible both inside and outside. Other than physical exercises, exercises which draw out the creative mind of youngsters ought to likewise be empowered, a pastel or a pen can compose stories and draw pictures, these photos can tell a great deal of what kids are thinking and feeling in this manner upgrading great enthusiastic prosperity for kids. Needle work and cookery are likewise acceptable methods of making youngsters dynamic, for example heating pizza, utilizing various vegetables and lively hued vegetables like green pepper, red pepper and sweet corn. Dinners including various vegetables like a Sunday supper or a plate of new and various organic products, going in hues and shapes will bring the consideration of the youngster making eating times sound in addition to empowering family time.(Childrenssociety) Exercises done as a family will likewise be a positive advance towards a decent prosperity Physical Activities In today’s world, web, games and mobiles has made kids inert, sitting doesn’t consume of food. Physical action whether as exercise or play is crucial for youngsters to grow up solid, mental prosperity is additionally significant. Contingent upon age, youngsters under 5 ought to have in any event 3 hours of physical play every day, as long as they can walk independent. Kids more than 5 ought to have in any event 1 hour of activity day by day. Guardians should set aside a few minutes for strolls and playing in the nursery, perhaps stretching out visits to the nearby stops, backwoods and urban communities. More established kids would doubtlessly lean toward football, ball and move as all these incorporate other kids. This will help increment certainty and bolster social prosperity. Neighborhood committees and libraries offer a considerable amount of exercises and thoughts for kids. Prosperity Prosperity implies the qualit

Fall 2017 New Students Series Sukirti Vinayak COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Sukirti Vinayak COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In todays installment of our New Students Series,were welcomingSukirti Vinayak, from Delhi, India. He studied engineering at the University of Delhi in 2011, and is currently working pro bono for the Common Peoples Party. He joined SIPA (instead of another policy school we wont mention) to gain stronger quantitative skills. While hes not sure which employment sector he wants to work in next, he looks forward to learning from SIPAs world renowned faculty and all about governance innovations in NYC. Using a gambling analogy, hes a self-described Jack and believes there are no winners when it comes to climate change. Full Name: Sukirti Vinayak Age: 28 Degree Program: Master of Public Administration Concentration: Economic and Political Development Hometown: New Delhi, Delhi India Undergraduate University: University of Delhi Undergraduate Major: Engineering Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2011 What’s your professional background? I have been working full time on a pro bono basis with the young, crowd funded Indian political unit, Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) or Common People’s Party, which was overwhelmingly elected to govern India’s national capital territory in 2015. I had the opportunity to design Delhi Government’s current strategies for combating air and river pollution. I also actively contributed to two election campaigns with my role ranging from developing the manifesto to managing polling booths to monitoring all campaign activities for the National Convenor of the party. I have previously worked with public, private and non-profit stakeholders including McKinsey (past employer), Safe Water Network (past employer), USAID, Indian Ministry of Mines, Energy and various urban local bodies. My focus almost all throughout has remained on policies, their implementation and the politics of all of this! Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? I applied to SIPA to gain quantitative skills and learn from academicians and practitioners. I also wish to use this time to figure out which broad sector Id like to go back to- private or non-profit or government, given my personal preferences (work routine, financial security, scope of impact, etc.). What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I was quite ecstatic! Plus New Yoork! ?? Why did you say yes to SIPA? Better financial aid in comparison to HKS made me choose SIPA. New York CIty is also a big reason why I said yes! My interactions with everyone at SIPA throughout the process have been very warm, which I think has also subtly played a part ?? What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? As a Delhite and with some understanding of urban issues, I look forward to stumbling upon governance innovations in NYC. I also look forward to understanding how the academic circle copes with fake news, baseless rhetoric and democratic backsliding. Its a hot trend in my country too! Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Yes indeed! I havent studied Maths after 2008 and I have never studied Economics! What are your goals after SIPA? When I was making up my mind to quit McKinsey, in 2014, and become a public servant (of some sort) I met people from diverse backgrounds- policy think thanks, bureaucracy, non profits, and I realized that there arent a lot of people who honestly have mid/long term clarity. And that people who are at peace with this are leading more satisfying professional lives. I belong to this category of people now. I greatly look forward to 2 years at SIPA and the only part of my goal I am sure of, as of now, is that I will continue to work for changing peoples lives. What agent and what channel are details that I will figure out! ?? If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Make them understand that climate change is real and everyone is going to be a loser sooner than later. There arent going to be any winners with this one. Tell us something interesting about yourself: I believe in experiencing and pursuing diverse activities. Aspirationally, I lean more towards being a Jack than being an Ace. I was an amateur bassist, photographer and actor. Now I look forward to getting back to them artistic realms! ?? [Photos courtesy of Sukirti Vinayak | Seen here with Arvind Kejriwal, who is sort of like the Indian version of Bernie Sanders. Weve both lost weight since that day!] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

Fall 2017 New Students Series Sukirti Vinayak COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Sukirti Vinayak COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In todays installment of our New Students Series,were welcomingSukirti Vinayak, from Delhi, India. He studied engineering at the University of Delhi in 2011, and is currently working pro bono for the Common Peoples Party. He joined SIPA (instead of another policy school we wont mention) to gain stronger quantitative skills. While hes not sure which employment sector he wants to work in next, he looks forward to learning from SIPAs world renowned faculty and all about governance innovations in NYC. Using a gambling analogy, hes a self-described Jack and believes there are no winners when it comes to climate change. Full Name: Sukirti Vinayak Age: 28 Degree Program: Master of Public Administration Concentration: Economic and Political Development Hometown: New Delhi, Delhi India Undergraduate University: University of Delhi Undergraduate Major: Engineering Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2011 What’s your professional background? I have been working full time on a pro bono basis with the young, crowd funded Indian political unit, Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) or Common People’s Party, which was overwhelmingly elected to govern India’s national capital territory in 2015. I had the opportunity to design Delhi Government’s current strategies for combating air and river pollution. I also actively contributed to two election campaigns with my role ranging from developing the manifesto to managing polling booths to monitoring all campaign activities for the National Convenor of the party. I have previously worked with public, private and non-profit stakeholders including McKinsey (past employer), Safe Water Network (past employer), USAID, Indian Ministry of Mines, Energy and various urban local bodies. My focus almost all throughout has remained on policies, their implementation and the politics of all of this! Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? I applied to SIPA to gain quantitative skills and learn from academicians and practitioners. I also wish to use this time to figure out which broad sector Id like to go back to- private or non-profit or government, given my personal preferences (work routine, financial security, scope of impact, etc.). What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I was quite ecstatic! Plus New Yoork! ?? Why did you say yes to SIPA? Better financial aid in comparison to HKS made me choose SIPA. New York CIty is also a big reason why I said yes! My interactions with everyone at SIPA throughout the process have been very warm, which I think has also subtly played a part ?? What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? As a Delhite and with some understanding of urban issues, I look forward to stumbling upon governance innovations in NYC. I also look forward to understanding how the academic circle copes with fake news, baseless rhetoric and democratic backsliding. Its a hot trend in my country too! Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Yes indeed! I havent studied Maths after 2008 and I have never studied Economics! What are your goals after SIPA? When I was making up my mind to quit McKinsey, in 2014, and become a public servant (of some sort) I met people from diverse backgrounds- policy think thanks, bureaucracy, non profits, and I realized that there arent a lot of people who honestly have mid/long term clarity. And that people who are at peace with this are leading more satisfying professional lives. I belong to this category of people now. I greatly look forward to 2 years at SIPA and the only part of my goal I am sure of, as of now, is that I will continue to work for changing peoples lives. What agent and what channel are details that I will figure out! ?? If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Make them understand that climate change is real and everyone is going to be a loser sooner than later. There arent going to be any winners with this one. Tell us something interesting about yourself: I believe in experiencing and pursuing diverse activities. Aspirationally, I lean more towards being a Jack than being an Ace. I was an amateur bassist, photographer and actor. Now I look forward to getting back to them artistic realms! ?? [Photos courtesy of Sukirti Vinayak | Seen here with Arvind Kejriwal, who is sort of like the Indian version of Bernie Sanders. Weve both lost weight since that day!] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

Vegetarians vs Meat-eaters Which is better - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 535 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Vegetarian Essay Did you like this example? Diet plays an important role in dictating a persons health. Everybody should choose his/her diet carefully if they are aiming for better health. There are many diets to stay healthy, one of which can be a vegetarian diet, where a person restrains himself from eating meat and starts to depend mostly on vegetables fruits. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Vegetarians vs Meat-eaters: Which is better" essay for you Create order Another diet can be a carnivore diet, where meat is a large constituent of a persons daily food intake. In spite of the latter seeming more nutritional due to all the protein a person can get from it, the former is proven to be better. A vegetarian diet can improve health more than a carnivore diet can do. First of all, vegetarians, on average, weigh less than meat-eaters. This can be due to meat-eaters consuming less carbohydrates in their diet when compared to vegetarians. If truth be told, BMIs for both men and women on high carbohydrate diets were found to be significantly lower than those on low carbohydrate diets. {1}. On the contrary, a high protein and low fiber diet is proven to have a positive correlation with an increased BMI{2}. Moreover, Turner-McGrievy et al randomized controlled trial (2007) {3} , which enrolled participants in vegetarian omnivorous diets for 6 months, found an almost double weight loss for those who were on the vegetarian diet than those on the omnivorous diet ( -7.5% and -3.2% respectively). Furthermore, a vegetarian diet develops stronger immunity against a variety of diseases. These diseases can vary from chronic diseases, such as chronic hypertension, to acute diseases , like developing a brain stroke. On the other hand, animal-based foods have higher cholesterol due to the animal fat within the food, thus increasing the blood cholesterol level of meat-eaters. Therefore, a meat-eater is more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. As a matter of fact, Timothy J. Ley Key et al (1999) study {4} found out that meat-eaters have 8% more cholesterol than vegetarians. Moreover, the meat-eaters had 20% higher LDL:HDL ratio than vegetarians. And according to First Aid Basic Sciences: General Principles {5}, In large arteries, LDL can get trapped and oxidized in the vessel intima. Oxidation of LDL renders it recognizable by macrophages, resulting in endocytosis and formation of foam cells, which initiates atherosclerosis. Finally, a vegetarian diet contains a much higher nutritional value than a carnivore diet. Indeed, a carnivore diet has higher protein content, but a vegetarian diet still contains lots of nutrients that are both essential to the human body and absent in animal based foods. For example, vitamin C cant be found in food from animals, but it can be obtained from citric fruits like lemon or orange. Another example can be dietary fibers, where they are absent in animal based food, but present in almost all leaves and vegetables. In fact, a study (Nezami BG et al, 2015) found out that high saturated fat diets , including red meat which contains animal fats, increases the prevalence of constipation by 31 % due to low dietary fibers. In conclusion, its highly recommended to start considering a vegetarian diet instead of a carnivore diet in order to achieve the goal of better health. This is due to a variety of reasons, like developing stronger defense against diseases, losing weight, and increasing the assimilation of essential nutrients.

The Corporate Responsibility Of Nestle - 3417 Words

Introduction: Corporate responsibility has become one of the most important aspects in marketing, it is a very essential matter for the companies’ development and sustainability. Nestlà © has used its corporate responsibility to be more responsible towards its stakeholders, the societies and the environments it does business in. as Nestlà © is the biggest food and beverage company it tried to make a good image about its business, for instance selling healthy food, creating job opportunities, and creating shared value. Therefore Nestlà © is being helpful for the societies not only by selling products but also by employing people and caring for them and for their families, this created a trust between the company and the employees moreover a†¦show more content†¦the second part of the report will deal with what corporate responsibility through food labeling is, which is in short the â€Å"GDA†, and discuss why Nestlà © did it and whether the stakeholders appreciated it or not, along with that the report will also talk about how useful and satisfying it is for consumers and costumers, and how it affected the company when it first started, moreover the report will go through how beneficial it was for the company’s success in a long and a short term. The third part of the report will highlight Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s approach to corporate responsibility, and how it had driven it to create the shared value which contains many aspects that will be explained in this report one by one. The report will as well talk about how the shared value allowed nestle to connect more positively with its costumers and consumers. Finally, as a last step, the report will discuss which marketing research would be most suitable for Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s communication campaign, and will explain how to undertake a marketing research and what are its advantages and disadvantages. Corporate responsibility definition: To being, the corporate responsibility term has to be explained. However, there has been many definitions of the corporate responsibility, and the

What to Expect From Online Paper Services?

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Policy Assignment Proprietary Rights

Question: Discuss about thePolicy Assignmentfor Proprietary Rights. Answer: In Australia, the doctrine of Aboriginal title based on the Common law is known as the native title, which states that the Australian law has recognised the fact that the indigenous or the aboriginal people have interests and rights to their land that they inherited from their traditional customs and laws (Short 2016). The concept identifies the fact the in certain cases a persisting beneficial statutory interest in respect of the land is held by the local indigenous Australians. The native title can exist at the same time with non-aboriginal proprietary rights and sometimes various indigenous groups are entitled to exercise their native title over the same land. The landmark case for the native title in Australia was Mabo v Queensland [1992]. A year following the recognition of the native title in Mabos case, the recognition of the legislation was formalised with the enforcement of the Native Title Act 1993 by the Australian government. The Act attempted to simplify the legal status of the landholders and the procedures that should be followed in order to claim, recognise and protect the title through the courts. The regulating rule of native title might be regarded as a partial attempt to take the responsibility for the repossession and settlement of Australia. The settlement of Australia has been regarded as a primary concern of the sovereign government and as the transmission of an inheritance an attachment to the order of people, places and of law. On the arrival of the British in Australia from the year 1788, the aboriginals or the indigenous group of people and the British people frequently engaged themselves in conflicts (Gilbert 2016). One of the major sources of such conflicts was the differences between the British Law and the indigenous law. One of the significant conflicts between the Colonial and the Aboriginal groups of Australia may be the criminalisation of the indigenous or the aboriginal group of people in the Northern Territory following the introduction of new statutory regime. From the point of the British, the Aboriginal or the indigenous group of people and the Torres Strait Islander people had no special and binding social organization, no legislations, no government and no rights or interests over the land (Lewis 2014). This caused the British to believe that the since people did not possess the land, the land is considered as terra nullius which implied that the land did not belong to anyone. According to the British, if the land was not in possession of any one, then whoever found it first had the right to exert claim over the land (Laidlaw and Lester 2015). The aboriginals or the indigenous people residing in Australia before the white settlement did not have any law, governments, or courts that would address their disputes and decide punishments (Watson 2014). In fact, the only legal procedure to resolve the disputes was negotiation, which involved majority of the members of the community. In case, certain arguments or disputes are not resolved through negotiation, and then a group of persons settles the same, usually, known as elders. Since the elders were believed to be experienced and possess knowledge of consecrated matters, they were regarded as teachers instead of judges. Some of their offenses include adultery, theft, insult, unauthorised physical assault, non-compliance of the community obligations and negligence towards family etc. The offenders were subject to punishments such as facing the spearmen with only a shield as protection or they were entitled to compensate for their offences. There was not anything as imprisonment or rigorous punishment. After the offender was awarded with the punishments, they resumed their normal life. The issue in question was whether the indigenous group of people were subject to the British laws in the event any dispute arises between themselves. The colonial government and the Western Australian courts were of the opinion that any offenses committed by the aborigines against the Europeans shall be subject to the English law. The issue related to inter se offenses extended to the need to deal with offenses committed by the Aborigines on other aborigines who were dwelling with or employed by settlers of the colony. Initially, the colonial government adopted policies of not interfering or dealing with personal fall outs of the aboriginal group of people simply because it did not involve any Europeans therefore, they were not much concerned about it (Cunneen 2014). There was a growing realisation among both the colonial governments and the courts that the aborigines group of people cannot be treated as British subjects and neither British law can be applied regarding their inter se matters. In R v Ballard in New South Wales (NSW), Ballard murdered another aborigine in central Sydney that was governed by the British law. The question that arose was whether he was amenable to the English law to which the Supreme Court held that it does not have the jurisdiction to deal with the case if the commission of offenses was the direct consequence of any dispute within the tribe that follows the Aboriginal customs. However, if an aborigine has placed himself under the protection of the English law then it would have jurisdiction to adjudicate cases involving the Aboriginals or the indigenous group of people. The other court judges, regarding the applicability of the British laws to inter se offenses committed by the Aborigines, were of opinion that the aboriginal group of natives must give consent, either expressly or impliedly, to the amenability of the English laws to deal with their cases (Lydon and Rizvi 2016). Unless and until, the aborigines give consent to the application of the British laws to acts or offenses committed by the aborigines upon another aborigine, for the purpose of administering justice, under no circumstances the British laws shall interfere with their personal issues irrespective of the fact that such interference is imperative. In the case of R v Murrell [1836], Murrell was charged for murder and his lawyer argued that NSW was neither conquered nor settled or ceded and the aborigines continued to be governed by their own laws from ages. Since the British have come to reside amongst the aboriginals and therefore, it is they who must obey the aboriginals law. Murrell belonged to a tribe that was not subject to the British laws neither he was entitled to receive protection from the British, hence, he was not bound by the British laws. However, the Supreme Court of Australia overruled the decision and held that the Aboriginal group of people were subject to the British laws with respect to inter se offenses. Since the offense had been committed in NSW, which is in possession of England, therefore it shall be dealt with under the British Laws (Russell 2015). The Supreme Court did not make any difference in law between the English people and the aliens as they were entitled to the protection of the British law. Several other judges pointed out the theory of terra nullius and asserted if the Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction then there would be an increase in the crime rate among the aborigines who would persist to commit murders or violence on the streets. The aggrieved persons shall not be entitled to protection under the British laws. The British were of the opinion that the Aborigines were adopted as the subjects of the British people and were entitled to the protection under the British law like any other British subjects. However, at the same time, the aborigines were also subject to the punishments in the event of any infringement of any of the British laws. However, the indigenous group of people must bear in their minds that the British jury or judges were not framing any new legislation but are empowered to administer the legislations that are already existing during that period. While majority of the aboriginal groups attempted to include the newcomers (British people and British laws) into their legal system by extending association, sharing resources, etc. however, the British people failed to accept and act in conformity with the cultural laws of the indigenous group of people. They were not aware of the principle of reciprocity that is, sharing. According to the indigenous people, the English people were greedy and self-centred. They hardly share their resources even after receiving favours from the aborigines (Young, Nielsen and Patrick 2016). Although the Europeans recognised the existence of several aboriginal group, their laws, traditions and customs were not acknowledged by the Europeans. They avoided resistance, genocide and massacres with respect to the application of the terra nullius in order to justify the acquisition of the lands in Australia. The aboriginals failed to make significant resistance against the Europeans (Holland 2017). When the British declared the natives to be subjects of the British law, they were placed in a position where they aware made to be amenable to the British laws of which they were quite ignorant. Moreover, it did not provided the aboriginals with a slightest relief from the injuries they sustained as a result of the Europeans (Medien 2017). They were unable to present any evidence against the atrocities they were subject to, firstly, because they were not acquainted with the legal procedure followed by the British courts and, secondly, the witnesses of such atrocities were the European themselves who would not testify on behalf of the indigenous group. The Europeans denied the alleged complaints made by the indigenous group on the ground that they have conferred upon the aborigines the right to protection under the British laws just like the European people. They denied the fact that the indigenous group was denied fundamental rights and the human rights. Although the aboriginal people were subject to the British laws but they were never allowed to actively participate while framing the laws. The Europeans restricted them to such an extent that they were prevented from exercising their right to vote. The fact that the Aboriginal people were denied justice led to the establishment of Aboriginal Legal Services all over Australia. As the Australian governments follow the English cases as precedents, it is obvious that the aboriginal group of people would not receive adequate recognition. The European settlement has raised a conflict between the two legal systems and two cultures within the same country and they exist even today in certain parts of the country. In order to retain peaceful settlement, it is highly imperative that the legal system of Australia provide adequate recognition to the indigenous group and make necessary attempts to resolve the conflict through the process of reconciliation. Reference List Cunneen, C., 2014. Colonial processes, indigenous peoples, and criminal justice systems. Gilbert, J., 2016.Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights under International Law. Brill. Holland, A., 2017. Paved with good intentions. Terra Nullius, aboriginal land rights and settler-colonial law [Book Review].Law History,4(1), p.172. Laidlaw, Z. and Lester, A. eds., 2015.Indigenous communities and settler colonialism: land holding, loss and survival in an interconnected world. Springer. Lewis, P., 2014. Terra Nullius Amnesiacs: A Theological Analysis of the Persistence of Colonization in the Australian Context and the Blocks to Real Reconciliation. InColonial Contexts and Postcolonial Theologies(pp. 181-199). Palgrave Macmillan US. Lydon, J. and Rizvi, U.Z. eds., 2016.Handbook of postcolonial archaeology. Routledge. Mabo v Queensland [1992] HCA 23 175 CLR 1. F.C Medien, K., 2017. Book Review: Aileen Moreton-Robinson, The White Possessive: Property, Power, and Indigenous Sovereignty. R v Ballard [2004] ALL ER (D) 48 (Dec) R v Murrell [1836] 1 Legge 72 Russell, P.H., 2015.Recognizing Aboriginal title: The Mabo case and Indigenous resistance to English-settler colonialism. University of Toronto Press. Short, D., 2016.Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. Routledge. Watson, I., 2014.Aboriginal peoples, colonialism and international law: Raw law. Routledge. Young, S., Nielsen, J. and Patrick, J., 2016. Constitutional recognition of first peoples in Australia-theories and comparative perspectives.

Star Wars Republic Commando Review Essay Example For Students

Star Wars Republic Commando Review Essay The single-player aspect of Republic Commando takes you on three distinct campaigns during the Clone Wars-era of Star Wars. Youll invade Sessions, along with the rest of the Republic army, investigate a derelict starship, and assist the weeklies in fending off Transposed slavers on the planet of Shaky. The campaigns are paced extremely well throughout the game, offering up new and interesting challenges at just the right junctures. Whether its hunting down and assassinating a Secession lieutenant, fending Off endless hordes Of super battle roods and derriere, or escorting a highly ranked woke, theres never a dull moment in Republic Commando. The missions are heavily scripted to provide exciting pitched battles, some of which Will see you as the aggressor and others of which will require you to defend areas from attack. This also means the game is fairly linear. We will write a custom essay on Star Wars Republic Commando Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So its obvious which paths youll need to be going down, and you wont he doing a whole lot of backtracking. But at the same time, nary a minute goes by without the blasters and rockets firing back and forth at full tilt. The only downer is that the fun doesnt last long as most players should be able to tear through the campaign in fewer than 10 hours, It sure is an exciting ride while it lasts, though. The game does include a multilayer aspect on both the PC and Oxbow platforms. Unfortunately, the multilayer isnt nearly as creative or exciting as the campaign. There are standard demarcated, team demarcated, and capture the flag modes, along with an assault mode thats basically the same as one- flag C TV, with one team attempting to carry a special item in to a capture area n the other teams base before the timer runs out. There are eight maps total, which are designed for four to 16 players. Many of these maps, however, are just derived from specific parts of the single-player levels, although there is one special level that includes some zero-gravity areas that provide extra amusement. Those whove played a lot of shooters wont find much in Republic Commando they havent seen before. So if you were looking at this game specifically hoping for a great new multilayer experience, pure probably better off sticking with other alternatives.

Free Essays on Art, Literature, And Music Of The 1990s

Art, Literature, and Music of 1990’s Society had a great affect on the art, literature, and music of the nineties. When a person who grew up in the nineties looks back on that decade, they remember things such as rap music about sex and drugs. They may remember all of the gang rivalry between rappers, and the murders that resulted. They may recall Beverly Hills 90210, and how it was cool and sexy to wear daisy dukes and shirts that showed off the belly. As far as fashion went in the nineties, tight jeans, mini skirts, and short shorts were all the craze. It seemed to be that the shorter and tighter, the hotter you were. If you preferred a more comfortable look, you could throw on a pair of â€Å"Guess?† jeans, a flannel shirt and a pair of Birkenstocks. Girls in the nineties seemed to think that a cute baby doll dress went great with a pair of Doc Martens and their new Jennifer Aniston haircut. You could never leave the house without adding those accessories to your already great outfit! Berets, bandanas, or baby barrettes completed any outfit. For guys it was shorts way below their waistline (of course with their boxer shorts hanging out for all to see!), baggy shirts, and their chain wallets. Society had a great effect on what everyone wore in the nineties. Everyone wore what they saw in the magazines and stores because they wanted to fit in. Most people will wear whatever it is that everyone around them is wearing so that they feel accepted. Body piercing became real popular in the nineties, also. From tongues to belly buttons and noses. The more piercings and tattoos one had, the cooler they became. Body piercing and tattoos, which were looked upon by the teenagers as a great form of art, was becoming an everyday argument between parents and their children! In the nineties, there was an increase in books written on terrorism. More movies that accompanied the books on the subject followed. Some people b... Free Essays on Art, Literature, And Music Of The 1990's Free Essays on Art, Literature, And Music Of The 1990's Art, Literature, and Music of 1990’s Society had a great affect on the art, literature, and music of the nineties. When a person who grew up in the nineties looks back on that decade, they remember things such as rap music about sex and drugs. They may remember all of the gang rivalry between rappers, and the murders that resulted. They may recall Beverly Hills 90210, and how it was cool and sexy to wear daisy dukes and shirts that showed off the belly. As far as fashion went in the nineties, tight jeans, mini skirts, and short shorts were all the craze. It seemed to be that the shorter and tighter, the hotter you were. If you preferred a more comfortable look, you could throw on a pair of â€Å"Guess?† jeans, a flannel shirt and a pair of Birkenstocks. Girls in the nineties seemed to think that a cute baby doll dress went great with a pair of Doc Martens and their new Jennifer Aniston haircut. You could never leave the house without adding those accessories to your already great outfit! Berets, bandanas, or baby barrettes completed any outfit. For guys it was shorts way below their waistline (of course with their boxer shorts hanging out for all to see!), baggy shirts, and their chain wallets. Society had a great effect on what everyone wore in the nineties. Everyone wore what they saw in the magazines and stores because they wanted to fit in. Most people will wear whatever it is that everyone around them is wearing so that they feel accepted. Body piercing became real popular in the nineties, also. From tongues to belly buttons and noses. The more piercings and tattoos one had, the cooler they became. Body piercing and tattoos, which were looked upon by the teenagers as a great form of art, was becoming an everyday argument between parents and their children! In the nineties, there was an increase in books written on terrorism. More movies that accompanied the books on the subject followed. Some people b...

Market Position Analysis of Yum Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words - 1

Market Position Analysis of Yum Brand - Essay Example According to the company website, Yum Brand is adjudged as the world’s largest fast-food restaurant in the world in terms of the total number of operating units. With a staggering figure of 40,000 restaurants and presence in more than 130 countries of the world, the global sales figures of Yum increasing at a robust rate (Yum, 2013). Â  Since the spin-off from PepsiCo in the year 1997, the company has truly become a global company. The assets skyrocketed from $4,531m to 9,011m in the global restaurant industry (Global Business Browser, 2014). For the 36 weeks ended 07 September 2013, its revenues reduced by 6% to $8.91b and net income decreased 39% to $770m (Interim report, 2013). The company always aims at entering countries which have strong market potential and implements relevant operational strategies which allow them to surmount a different kind of market challenges. Yum Brands have experienced growth by focusing on the foreign markets such as China, India, and Brazil to name a few. Â  Some of the key competitors of the firm are McDonald's, Burger King, Subway and Dunkin Donuts among others. The company is also known for its philanthropic activities across the globe and has always received respect from the society. For example, the company offers employment opportunities to the unprivileged segment of the society. Though it is facing the decline in sales and profits, reports have suggested that the macroeconomic environment has always remained strong for the Yum Brands, especially in the overseas markets (Cho, 2012). According to Global Business Browser (2013), the restaurant's industry all over the world increased by 8.5% in 2011 to reach a value of $2,457.1b and it is expected to increase by 41.7% to $3,482.5b by 2016. The company anticipates that the in the next 8-10 years, the rising incomes will continue to unfold and will allow millions of people to afford fast foods from Yum Brands (Cho, 2012).

Mental health ( paramedic ) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mental health ( paramedic ) - Case Study Example In this contemporary environment, people are deemed to be engaged with their daily work due to which they have minimum time to take care of their health (Simpson & et. al., 2010; 127-139). However, in the process of meeting their professional and personal obligation, they acquire lots of behavioural and psychological stress, which further result in severe health complication. The increasing number of chronic health disorder reflects a clear picture of the contemporary society with regard to health and well being. Contextually, this particular essay provides an elaborative discussion about a particular case that is relevant to healthcare complication of any individual. Furthermore, the provided case will be analysed elaborately by providing the facts and prominent elements that are accountable for such adverse health condition. An 18 year old female with health complication of shortness of breath has been dispatched from university on a particular day. During her health complication, University lecturers and her classmates have assisted her to an ambulance. She complained about problems relating to nauseous and lack of strength, which was probably owing to the aspect that she had little sleep for the past few weeks. In this regard, she had visited the local doctor around 3 times for the last few weeks. The local doctor has conducted medical tests such as blood check up, X-ray and ultra sound. While she was awaiting for the report of the test, her illness was more severe due to vomiting, weakness, sleeping issues and increasing issues of short of breath among others. She was also unable to conduct her daily work that includes going to the university, local pub and joining her music band among others. She began to deteriorate in terms of health both mentally and physically with time. The case mainly highlighted some of the facts relevant to the health complications of an 18 year old lady. It

Relevance of Psychology in Primary Health Care Delivery

Relevance of Psychology in Primary Health Care Delivery Critically discuss how an understanding of psychology can enhance the delivery of primary health care. (District Nursing) Essay The concept of psychology as relevant to district nursing and the primary healthcare team can be examined on a number of different levels. An understanding of psychology is clearly important to the nurse when she interprets a patient’s reaction to events in their personal illness trajectory. (Yura H et al. 1998). It is equally important as she considers her professional approach to the patient and the understanding of how a patient will react to the delivery and impact of healthcare, particularly in her considerations of how to achieve maximum patient compliance in any given therapeutic regimen. (Dean A. 2002).There are other, arguably less immediately obvious, ramifications of the impact of psychological implications in the delivery of primary health care when one considers the interactions and dynamics of the primary healthcare team and the interplay between various members of the team. In this essay we shall consider all of these implications. We start with the general plan that the topic of psychology in this context is potentially vast and for this reason we shall consider individual illustrative episodes in some detail in order to demonstrate an overall understanding of the area. The perception of any given situation and indeed, the evaluation of the probabilities that arise from it, are generally dependent on its presentation. This in turn gives rise to differences and variations in the number and scope of the possible outcomes from that situation. This is the so called Theory of Rational Choice (De Martino B et al. 2006). The perception of a situation is dependent on its â€Å"framing†. It therefore follows that the outcome is also dependent on the same concept of framing of the presentation. This has great relevance to our question, as the District Nurse can make decisions that are influenced by the â€Å"framing† of the presentation by the patient, but more significantly, she can seek to modify the decisions that a patient ultimately makes by framing her presentation of the situation in a number of different ways. There is a substantial evidence base in the literature which cites examples of how decisions can be changed or even reversed if t hey are presented with different emphasis on different factors in the presentation (van Osch S M C et al. 2006). A full consideration of the implications of this statement will suggest that these psychological concepts will have a direct bearing on other professional considerations such as autonomy and other ethical issues. (Hendrick, J. 2000). How can a patient be considered to be making a truly autonomous decision if that decision is being influenced by the abilities of a nurse to â€Å"frame† the presentation of the relevant factors in order to suggest that one outcome is better than another? (Green J et al. 1998). How can a patient be considered to be â€Å"empowered and educated† about a course of treatment if the nurse has been selective in the way that treatment has been explained to the patient? (Sugarman J Sulmasy 2001). We do not presume to suggest that such concepts are necessarily wrong. It may be entirely reasonable for a nurse to use her professional skill and judgement to suggest to a patient that one particular course of action is preferable to another by framing the presentation in such a way that the patient is guided towards a certain decision. In a commonly experienced clinical situation such as a frightened patient with an extensive skin wound to the leg which clearly requires suturing and who is saying that they don‘t want anything to be done, we could probably all agree that it would be quite appropriate for a nurse to suggest that the procedure of suturing is not very painful and will give a good cosmetic result whereas to leave the wound open will give rise to infection and other difficulties. From an analytical viewpoint, this approach could be viewed as detracting from the patient’s autonomy and ability to make their own valid consent. (Gillon. R. 1997). A pragmatist mi ght equally suggest that the nurse is employing valid psychological principles in her professional desire to achieve what is probably the best outcome for the patient (Coulter A. 2002) One of the major areas that we shall consider in this appreciation of the significance of psychology in the delivery of healthcare, is that of attitude of those delivering the particular intervention to the patients concerned. This area is examined in commendable detail by the paper by Johansson (K et al. 2002) which specifically considered the effectiveness of the delivery of alcohol awareness programmes in a group of problem drinkers. The reason that we have selected this paper for an initial consideration is that, unusually for a research paper, it does not simply consider the efficacy of a particular healthcare package, but it reviews and critically analyses the attitudes of the healthcare professionals on the overall outcomes with specific focus on their readiness to participate in such a venture. This is seminal to the major thrust of this essay and therefore merits a detailed examination. In essence, the entry cohort to this study was a collection of about 150 primary healthcare team workers who could potentially be involved in the delivery of an alcohol awareness programme. Each was asked to fill in a questionnaire which was designed to evaluate a personal profile of the respondent and covered areas such as: experiences with patients with alcohol-related health problems, knowledge and perceived capacity concerning early identification and intervention, attitudes towards the role of primary care staff in early identification and intervention and current intervention methods in use at the health centre. The results are interesting insofar as there was general agreement that the likelihood of a patient generating or triggering an enquiry into their alcohol usage was most likely to be when issues relating to the alcohol-related health-risks were perceived by the healthcare professionals. The relevance of the psychological aspects of such an enquiry became clear when it was found that nurses were more likely to enquire than the doctors in the sample and that on average, nurses tended to drink less alcohol than doctors. (Dihn-Zarr, T et al. 1999) Those who drank the least were more likely to be concerned about the health risks than those who drank more. Clearly the effects of alcohol in any individual patient are specific, but the willingness of a healthcare professional to instigate healthcare measures to minimise the health-related effects of alcohol appears to be dependent on their own attitudes towards alcohol and this may be reflected in their own levels of consumption. There is an old adage that the definition of an alcoholic is a patient who drinks more than their doctor. (Fleming, M et al. 1999). In the light of this study, this comment may not be as flippant as it initially appears. In alcohol-related problems, there is frequently an element of denial, both in terms of alcohol intake and its effects. (Herbert, C et al. 1997). If the healthcare professional involved has a degree of denial of their own intake, clearly this will have repercussions on their presentation of the problem to the patient and their subsequent evaluation and willingness to invoke therapeutic or interventional measures for that patient. (Kaner, E. F. S et al. 1999) Other significant factors that contributed to the likelihood of a healthcare professional instigating therapeutic measures were found to be their individual perception of their own degree of knowledge on the subject, both in terms of the effects of alcohol on the body and also in terms of the interventions that were available. (Aalto, M. et al. 2001) Many nurses expressed the fact that they were concerned that patients might react negatively to such enquiries and that this would affect the degree of patient empathy. Doctors appeared to be generally more confident about handling the possibility of a negative reaction. The same study pointed to the fact that it appears that such fears were unfounded in reality, as the same proportion of patients reacted in a negative way in both groups. >From this brief overview, it can be seen that psychology plays a role at many different levels in what is basically a fairly straightforward healthcare professional / patient interchange, and the attitudes of both patient and healthcare professional can have a profound impact on the eventual outcome of the care package for the individual patient. The paper itself makes the comment that: Nurses appear to be an unexploited resource, in need of training and support. Nurses may need to be convinced that an active role does not interfere with the nurse–patient relationship. Building teams of GPs and nurses in primary care might enhance the dissemination of alcohol prevention into regular practice. A further psychological input that is relevant in this area is the perception of the healthcare professional of just how effective the intervention that is proposed is likely to be. A previous paper on the same subject (Andrà ©asson S et al. 2000), concluded that healthcare professionals were much more likely to recommend a healthcare intervention that they had personally experienced or witnessed as successful, with greater frequency than one which had been shown to have a secure evidence base in published literature. The paper concludes with the suggestion that specific training in the subject needs to be implemented and this training not only needs to address the knowledge gap that has been identified, but also the belief systems and attitudes of the healthcare professionals in the primary healthcare team in order that it can reach its maximum potential. Although this paper was targeted and written in relation to a specific alcohol related intervention, it is reasonable to assume that the selected comments cited in this essay are sufficiently general to apply to most specific health related interventions and we will consider and explore other psychological rationales in specific relation to Health Promotion initiatives together with the inferences that can be drawn in relation to team building issues at greater length later in this essay. One of the major areas where psychology is relevant to the success (or otherwise) of a particular treatment is encapsulated in the concept of empowerment and education. (Howe and Anderson 2003). The patient who is both empowered and educated by the nurse will approach their illness trajectory in a completely different psychological frame of mind than one who is not. Time spent in explanation to a patient of the parameters and reasons for their treatment is rarely wasted. (Holzemer W et al. 1994). Marinker’s concept of the differentiation of compliance and concordance. (Marinker M.1997) is particularly useful in this respect. Although his original paper was written with specific regard to the taking of medication, the principles that it expounds are sufficiently general that they are now commonly extrapolated to cover most aspects of the interaction between the healthcare professionals and the patient. The patient who understands why he is being asked to undergo a particular th erapeutic regimen is far more likely to complete is successfully than one who is simply told what to do. This can be encapsulated in the professional advice on the subject from the RCN Patients are as fully involved as practicable in the formulation and delivery of their care (e.g. through the use of self-care plans) Where appropriate, patients are offered treatments other than medication Treatment plans are individually tailored for each patient Patients are involved, unless impracticable, in any decisions about referral Where practicable, patients are informed of the reasons for referral to specialists or other professionals (cited in CSAG 1999) This element of compliance is frequently cited in many of the tools of quality indication that are used in formal studies in this area. The degree to which a patient complies (or concords) with instructions can be viewed as a measure of success of the presentation of that treatment directly to the patient. (Campbell S M et al. 2000) As we have intimated in the introduction, the title of this essay can be interpreted at several different levels. In this segment we shall consider the impact of formal psychology services in primary health care. The rationale for our consideration of this topic specifically lies in the fact that an understanding of basic psychological principles is fundamental in allowing the nurse to appreciate the elements of treatment commonly undertaken in a psychology clinic. The excellent and informative article by Sobel (A B et al. 2001) provides a good starting point for this consideration. In practical terms, the average attendance at a psychology clinic is about five outpatient attendances. (Arndorfer, R. E et al. 1999). This means that the contact of a patient with the primary healthcare team is likely to outnumber the attendances at the clinic over a period of time. To give a specific example, it is clearly important for the nurse, who may come into contact with (for example) an anorexic adolescent, to understand the issues revolving around body dysmorphia, self-image enhancement and self-esteem (Lavigne, J. V. et al. 1999) if they have been undergoing treatment, if the nurse is to consider giving any degree of holistic consideration to whatever problems are being presented to her at the time. It is clearly of little value, if requested to give advice on the subject of weight loss (which is a common enquiry at nurse-run clinics), (Hogston, R et al. 2002) . to attempt to give such advice without a background knowledge of the psychological principles that have been employed in trying to restore the patient’s eating habits to a more normal pattern. (La Greca, A. M. 1997). Equally the parents of a child who is undergoing treatment for enuresis may have questions that they have not felt able to ask at a busy clinic and these may be presented to the practice nurse. A background knowledge of current treatment (both interventional and behavioural) is clearly vital t o being able to answer the questions with a degree of professional confidence. Another area where the nurse’s knowledge of psychological issues may be important is that, given the fact that a comparatively high number of patients default from follow up before being formally discharged, the nurse should know that psychological treatment is rarely successful if the â€Å"less than optimum† course of treatment is completed. (Sobel, A. B et al. 2001). Encouragement to return to complete the full course may be a useful remit for the nurse confronted by a patient in this situation. It follows that a sensitive exploration of the reasons for default my also be helpful and a knowledge of the subject is clearly helpful here as well. The patient who has defaulted from follow up through apathy needs completely different handling from the patient who has defaulted because of a resurgence of painful or difficult memories during a course of cognitive behavioural therapy. (Street, L. L.et al. 2000). In the latter case, empathetic handling is of great importance a s the issues involved may have a deep significance for the patient and completion of the course may be fundamental to a complete resolution of the issues involved. (Mitchell M C et al. 2004). When dealing with the patient who has specific emotional or psychological issues, the professional nurse would commonly have to employ a degree of psychological understanding which may be deeper than in many other cases for both of the reasons set out above. Let us now consider a different aspect of psychology and its relevance to nursing practice in primary care. A large proportion of the work of the district nurses can be taken up with the care of the dying patient. The dying, or terminally ill patient typically has a psychological profile that is quite different to the â€Å"average† patient. This was explored in the fascinating and very well written paper by The (The et al. 2000) who considered the elements of denial and cognitive distortion exhibited by a patient when being given news that they do not want to hear. The diversity of psychology shown by these patients is virtually unique to this group and a firm grasp of the essential elements is vital if the district nurse is going to handle the situation both professionally and well. The concept of â€Å"a good death† (Seale C et al. 2003) is one that is frequently cited in the modern literature and a fundamental prerequisite to a good death is that the patient is surr ounded and treated by healthcare professionals who have broad understanding of the psychological issues that are relevant to this spectrum of patient. (Wilkerson, S. A et al. 1996) There are many patients who confront the inevitability of death with a stoical inevitability that makes their management a relatively straightforward matter (Wadensten et al. 2003). The patients that we shall specifically consider in this segment however, are those who have a positive diagnosis of a life threatening condition but employ a number of coping mechanisms so that they do not have to directly confront the possibility of imminent death. These mechanisms can range from false optimism right through to frank and abject denial (Weeks et al 1998). We have already considered some of the ethical implications of autonomy and consent earlier in this essay, but they also are of great relevance in this section. It follows that if a patient is to have any degree of meaningful input into their treatment plans and consideration of the various options that are open to them, they must be both fully aware of, and quite prepared to confront, the implications of the situation that they find themselves in. If they chose to distort some or any of the relevant facts of the case, it equally follows that they cannot make a reasoned and rational decision about the options and choices that they have in front of them. Once again we return to the issue and concept of framing the presentation, the only difference here is that it is generally the patient who deliberately distorts the frame rather than it being distorted or manipulated by the healthcare professionals. This specifically is the issue that The and his colleagues considered in their paper (The et al. 2000). We should start a consideration of this issue however, with a reference to an earlier paper by Jennings (1997) who described the â€Å"emotional roller coaster† experienced by patients who deal with a malignant diagnosis and that this â€Å"evolution of emotional landscapes† can be predicted with a degree of certainty. This can be best examined with a verbatim extract from the The paper which refers to patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung: â€Å"False optimism about recovery is usually developed during the (first) course of chemotherapy and was most prevalent when the cancer could no longer be seen in the x ray pictures. This optimism tended to vanish when the tumour recurred, but it could develop again, though to a lesser extent, during further courses of chemotherapy. Patients gradually found out the facts about their poor prognosis, partly because of physical deterioration and partly through contact with fellow patients who were in a more advanced stage of the illness and were dying. False optimism about recovery was the result an association between doctors activism and patients adherence to the treatment calendar and to the recovery plot, which allowed them not to acknowledge explicitly what they should and could know. The doctor did and did not want to pronounce a death sentence and the patient did and did not want to hear it. Clearly an understanding of the psychology of what colours the patient’s reactions is vital to the district nurse if she is to handle this type of situation both professionally and empathetically. If we take a completely detached and dispassionate consideration of this situation the healthcare professional can say with almost complete certainty, that the patient with a positive diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung is going to die. Statistically we know that over 90% of patients are dead within two years of diagnosis and the overall five year survival figures are nil. (Seale C et al. 2003) The practicality of the situation is therefore that it clearly makes sense to discuss options in terms of treatment, palliation and support as soon as a positive diagnosis is made. In real terms, this is rarely done because healthcare professionals frequently find it difficult to effectively pronounce a â€Å"death sentence† on patients. In this respect the psychology of the situation is as much a reflection of the attitudes and feelings of the healthcare professionals as it is of the patient. On a fictional level one can cite the classic literary example of A J Cronin’s Dr Findlay (Cronin A J 1934) who disagreed with his partner Dr Cameron. Dr Findlay felt strongly that the eponymous Mrs McIver should be told of her hopeless prognosis on the grounds of being completely truthful with the patient and this was against the advice of the older, more experienced partner, Dr Cameron who had been hitherto managing the situation by keeping the lady’s spirits high by telling her how well she was looking at each occasion he had contact with her. Dr Findlay confronts the situation by telling Mrs McIver the truth and within a few days she has died. The relevance of the story is seen at the end where Dr Findlay is depicted talking to the dead lady’s husband and Dr Findlay expresses his shock at the speed at which the old lady died and the husband concludes the episode by observing that: â€Å"She was doing really well until you took away from her the one thing that she had left – and that was hope†. In short, this episode highlights some of the difficulties and dilemmas that are frequently faced by healthcare professionals in general and district nurses in particular. The practicality of the situation could have been handled better with a more thorough understanding of the thought processes and psychological mechanisms employed by Mrs McIver in her last few weeks. One can see the point of view of Dr Findlay who took the view that the lady would not have been in any realistic position to make appropriate arrangements to confront her own death if she had never faced the possibility in the management plan that Dr Cameron had adopted. Dr Findlay’s approach could be argued to have allowed her to consider a number of timely treatment options if the truth was confronted. The fact of the matter was that she chose to actively collude with the optimistic approach of Dr Cameron and she derived strength and the ability to cope from the transparent belief (a cognitive distortion) that her prognosis was not hopeless. Dr Cameron was clearly of the opinion that this was of greater benefit to her than confronting her imminent death. What the story does not tell us (and we can only surmise) is that Dr Cameron, in common with many other real healthcare professionals, also has psychological difficulties in dealing with the subject himself. A number of different mechanisms may be active in this situation. It is possible that, by telling a patient that they are soon to die, it may challenge the notion that medical science can cure everything and that healthcare professionals are infallible (sadly, a still all to common belief). Equally it could be that the healthcare professionals involved do not like to be vicariously reminded of their own mortality and therefore collude willingly with the patient’s false optimism. Others again may take a rational view that â€Å"if the patient wants to know the truth then they will ask, if they don’t want to know then they won’t ask† and thereby actively avoid confronting the situation (Curtis J R. 2000) The The paper examines this issue in considerable depth with a commendable degree of scientific scrutiny. In the words of the paper, the authors suggest that: The problem of patient / doctor collusion does actually require an â€Å"active, patient orientated approach from the doctor†. A practical and novel solution to this problem is suggested in the form of the use of a â€Å"treatment broker† who is defined as: â€Å"a person who is trusted by both patient and doctor and who can help both parties to clarify and communicate their (otherwise implicit) assumptions and expectations†. The’s analysis suggested that the majority of patients in the study did actively want to know if the illness that they had was terminal with over 85% stating that they would wish to be told the truth rather than be given false optimism in an unrealistic fashion. This is contrasted with the finding that, in the study, when a patient was given a terminal diagnosis, the next question was almost invariably a variation of â€Å"what are the chances of a cure?† (Meredith et al 1996). It is also the case that other studies on the psychology of this type of situation have shown that when patients ask about their condition (and this applies not specifically to terminal conditions) they do not want to hear anything other than good news (Costain et al 1999). This argument is extrapolated even further in a study by Leydon and his co-workers (Leydon et al 2000) who provide an excellent qualitative study into patient’s reactions and they cite examples of patients who were interviewed directly after a recorded conversation with a healthcare professional and who overtly denied that they had been given a terminal diagnosis even though this was demonstrably not true. An interesting twist in these discussions of the psychology of the situation is provided by Dean (Dean 2002), who offers a specific insight into the way patients perceive the differences between nurses and other healthcare professionals. He takes the arguments of false optimism and overt denial and examines them further. Again, this paper is specifically concerned with the patient with a terminal diagnosis, and it looked at the differences in the content and tone of the conversations that patients had with both doctors and nurses. A significant finding from this paper was that a patient may choose to overtly collude with the doctor during discussions of â€Å"a cure† but within a very short space of time may choose to talk in a much more open way with a nurse when pretences of a cure are actively dropped. Dean suggests that â€Å"such a dichotomy of approach is not unusual†. He suggests that: Patients may well feel a need for a theatrical faà §ade to bolster their own psychological states as well as to collude with the doctor and indicate that they are remaining positive and confident in the doctor’s ability to try to achieve a cure. And this suggestion is echoed and expanded in the Curtis paper (Curtis 2000) with the observation that, in their more candid moments patients may well wish to get a more â€Å"down to earthâ€Å" response, which they perceive that they will get from the nurse, who they think may not require a faà §ade or even indulge in the sophisticated game play of the doctor. Lynn (Lynn 2001) adds a counter-intuitive note of caution for the nurse with the thought that this situation requires a great deal of careful handling by the nurse, as the psychological mechanism that underlies the nursing approach is that the patient may actually be looking for reassurance and (possibly unexpected) reinforcement of their own false optimism. This is an exemplification of the constant calls in the literature for a holistic and patient centred approach to patient care rather than a blanket approach to this type of clinical problem. The rest of The’s paper is concerned with the psychological theory behind the explanations of just why it is that patients do adopt these defensive positions and just why it is that healthcare professionals frequently collude with them on this issue. It is not particularly relevant to explore this in any further detail as the point is clearly made that a basic understanding of the mechanisms by which patients cope with their adversity and the psychological constructs that are frequently presented in these circumstances is of great importance to the nurse who has to deal with, interpret and empathise with the patient’s particular needs at any given time in their illness trajectory. Nurses are often involved, both overtly and in their everyday work, in the business of Health Promotion. Psychology plays a very important part in the overall success and implementation of health promotion strategies on a both a population and an individual level. The theoretical basis of much recent work in the field of Health Promotion is in the concept of the Attitude-Behaviour theory (A-B theory) (Rise J 2000). This theory suggests that the optimum change in behaviour patterns (at least in the field of health and self-interest) is achieved with the optimum change in attitude (or â€Å"realignment† in the jargon). We opened this essay with a reference to the Theory of Rational Choice. An offshoot of this theory (the Theory of Reasoned Action) modifies the A-B Theory to the extent that it provides a model framework by which one can assess the many divergent processes by which attitudes guide behaviour. The hypothesis states that if people can become highly motivated to make a correct decision and are in a position (because they have been given relevant information), then they are likely to spontaneously engage in a â€Å"deliberate and thoughtful process in deciding how to behave† (Rise J 2000). In the context of Health Education (which was the field that the theories were originally developed in) the theory suggests that if people are given sufficient and persuasive information in relation to their health, then a significant proportion will spontaneously indulge in lifestyle changing activity which can be consistent with healthier living. The significance of these theories is that, if t he nurse has a remit to promote a healthier lifestyle (which is arguably part of a professional remit), she is most likely to have the greatest success in providing significant amounts of information to patients rather than simply dictating to them how they should alter their lifestyle without any significant explanation. This comment effectively brings us full circle to the concept of compliance and conformance as postulated by Marinker. Another issue that has deep seated psychological implications, is the current trend towards teambuilding in primary health care. The ramifications of this concept are huge, and therefore we intend to only discuss the issue by considering a number of the most relevant points. To a large extent, team building overlaps with the concept of multidisciplinary team working. This move has required a redistribution of both power and authority (and thereby a redistribution of responsibility) within the team. (Shortell S M et al. 1998).The psychological implications of this are that if one considers the NHS of more than about twenty years ago its structure was more isolationist and based on individual practice (DHSS 1988). Individual speciality teams and individuals worked in a degree of comparative isolation and this also implied a greater degree of individual responsibility than they have at present. This change has brought about a number of major changes in areas such as ethics and work prac tices which are not particularly relevant to our topic in this essay (and therefore will not be discussed further), and also the psychology of working, which clearly is. The first consideration is the psychology behind the concept of leadership. Leadership is clearly important if one is to have an effective team. In psychological terms styles of leadership can be divided into several categories. The two most prominent being congruent leadership and transformational leadership. A full discus

Bruce Dawe Essay -- Australian Poets Poetry Poems Essays

Bruce Dawe Bruce Dawe is a prominent Australian poet born in 1930, in Geelong. His experiences as a laborer, postman, gardener, and in particular his 9 years as a sergeant in the Royal Australian Air Force, have enabled him to recollect and articulate his memories into a renowned compendium, Sometimes Gladness, which has been described as â€Å"perhaps the most successful book of verse by a contemporary Australian poet†. His anthology contains a variety of poems. The three I will be discussing include The Day that They Shot Santa Claus, The Wholly Innocent, and Homo Suburbiensis, all of which focus on life (or the lack of it) and its ups and downs. The Day That They Shot Santa Claus tells a story through the eyes of a bystander; obviously in central Melbourne (the reference to Bourke St). It elaborates not the death of Santa Claus, but rather the consequences of the event. It tells of extreme sadness after the death of the highly prominent symbol of innocence, happiness and festive spirit, key themes of this verse. The speaker is portrayed very sadly, (yet in a way...

Healthy Food Essay

Many ways to define healthy food. Firstly, healthy food consists of all the essential nutrients that your body needs like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, calcium, vitamins etc. Secondly, it is hygienic & doesn’t contain any germs that can harm your body. Thirdly, it should include all sorts of eatables like veggies, fruits, meat, dairy, sweets etc in right proportion. In a nutshell, healthy food keeps your body fit & at its top. Less junk and more home-made stuff. Health food is food considered to be beneficial to health in ways that go beyond a normal healthy diet required forhuman nutrition. Because there is no precise, authoritative definition from regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, different dietary practices can be considered healthy depending on context. Foods considered â€Å"healthy† may be natural foods, organic foods, whole foods, and sometimes vegetarian or dietary supplements. Such products are sold in health food stores or i n the health/organic sections of supermarkets. Healthy eating means eating a variety of foods that give you the nutrients you need to maintain your health, feel good, and have energy. These nutrients include protein, carbohydrates, fat, water, vitamins, and minerals. Nutrition is important for everyone. When combined with being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight, eating well is an excellent way to help your body stay strong and healthy. If you have a history of breast cancer or are currently undergoing treatment, eating well is especially important for you. What you eat can affect your immune system, your mood, and your energy level. No food or diet can prevent you from getting breast cancer. While researchers are still studying the effects ofeating unhealthy food on breast cancer and recurrence risk, we do know that being overweight is a risk factor for both first-time and recurrent breast cancer. In this section, you can learn how to eat in a way that keeps your body as healthy as it can be. Read on for information about food groups, nutrients, how to create a healthy eating plan, how to figure out portions, and how enjoy your food without overeating. In this section, you can read about: Understanding Food Groups How Your Body Gets Nutrients From Foods What Happens to Food in Your Body? Designing a Healthy Eating Plan Portion Size Enjoying Your Food